Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026
09:31
Author Spotlight: High-Throughput In Vivo Leaf Inoculation for Accelerating Disease Resistance Screening in Poplar Hybrid Breeding
Published on: September 20, 2024
1.2K
Poplar Transformation
Tobias Bruegmann1, Olaf Polak1, Khira Deecke1
1Thuenen Institute of Forest Genetics, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 12, 2018
Summary
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for Populus species are detailed, including leaf disc, biolistic, and protoplast methods. These optimized protocols simplify gene transfer and improve plant regeneration for poplar transformation.
Area of Science:
- Plant biotechnology
- Molecular biology
- Forest genetics
Background:
- Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a key tool for plant genetic modification.
- Established protocols exist for over 150 plant species, including Populus.
- The leaf-disc method is standard for Populus transformation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe established Agrobacterium-based leaf disc transformation methods for Populus.
- To present alternative methods: biolistic bombardment and PEG transformation of protoplasts.
- To offer improved protocols simplifying procedures and optimizing regeneration.
Main Methods:
- Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc transformation.
- Biolistic bombardment of plant cells.
- Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation of protoplasts.
- Optimization of tissue preparation and plant regeneration.
Main Results:
- Detailed description of standard and alternative plant transformation techniques for Populus.
- Presentation of simplified and optimized protocols for enhanced poplar transformation.
- Successful gene transfer demonstrated using various methods.
Conclusions:
- Optimized transformation protocols enhance efficiency in Populus genetic engineering.
- Simplified methods facilitate wider application of poplar transformation techniques.
- Improved regeneration protocols are crucial for successful genetic modification of Populus.
Related Concept Videos
01:33Bacterial Transformation
59.9K
In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...
Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...
59.9K
01:26Transformers
1.8K
A device that transforms voltages from one value to another using induction is called a transformer. A transformer consists of two separate coils, or windings, wrapped around the same soft iron core. However, they are electrically insulated from each other.
The iron core has a substantial relative permeability. Therefore, the magnetic field lines generated due to the current in one winding are almost entirely confined within the core, such that the same magnetic flux permeates each turn of both...
The iron core has a substantial relative permeability. Therefore, the magnetic field lines generated due to the current in one winding are almost entirely confined within the core, such that the same magnetic flux permeates each turn of both...
1.8K
01:26Transformation
1.1K
Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
1.1K
01:26The Ideal Transformer
1.4K
In single-phase two-winding transformers, two windings are coiled around a magnetic core characterized by cross-sectional area A and magnetic permeability μ. A phasor current i1 enters the left winding while i2 exits the right winding, establishing the fundamental working of the transformer through electromagnetic principles.
Ampere's Law forms the basis of understanding the magnetic field within the transformer. It states that the integral of the magnetic field intensity's tangential...
Ampere's Law forms the basis of understanding the magnetic field within the transformer. It states that the integral of the magnetic field intensity's tangential...
1.4K
01:16Properties of the z-Transform II
436
The property of Accumulation in signal processing is derived by analyzing the accumulated sum of a discrete-time signal and using the time-shifting property to determine its z-transform. This principle reveals that the z-transform of the summed signal is related to the z-transform of the original signal by a multiplicative factor.
Moreover, the convolution property indicates that the convolution of two signals in the time domain corresponds to the product of their z-transforms in the frequency...
Moreover, the convolution property indicates that the convolution of two signals in the time domain corresponds to the product of their z-transforms in the frequency...
436
01:19Three-Winding Transformers
716
Three identical single-phase transformers can be configured to form a three-phase transformer connection, which involves high-voltage and low-voltage windings. The high-voltage windings are denoted by capital letters A-B-C, while the low-voltage windings are labeled with lowercase letters a-b-c, representing their respective phases. This notation helps distinguish between the high and low voltage sides of the transformer.
In the per-unit equivalent circuit of a grounded Y-Y three-phase...
In the per-unit equivalent circuit of a grounded Y-Y three-phase...
716