Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gradually Varying Flow01:29

Gradually Varying Flow

436
Gradually varying flow (GVF) in open channels describes situations where water depth changes slowly along the channel due to factors like non-uniform bed slope, channel shape variations, or obstructions. This flow type occurs when the depth adjusts gradually to balance gravitational forces, shear forces, and energy requirements, resulting in a low rate of depth change.Characteristics of Gradually Varying FlowGVF is commonly observed in natural streams, rivers, and canals, where flow depth...
436
Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

497
Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
497
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

9.2K
The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
9.2K
Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Normal to a Streamline01:16

Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Normal to a Streamline

1.3K
Bernoulli's equation for flow normal to a streamline explains how pressure varies across curved streamlines due to the outward centrifugal forces induced by the fluid's curvature. The pressure is higher on the inner side of the curve, near the center of curvature, and decreases outward to balance these centrifugal forces.
The pressure difference depends on the fluid's velocity and radius of curvature. The pressure variation is minimal in flows with nearly straight streamlines. However, the...
1.3K
The Resting Membrane Potential01:21

The Resting Membrane Potential

142.6K
Overview
142.6K
Resting Membrane Potential01:24

Resting Membrane Potential

21.8K
The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
The Inside of a Neuron is More Negative
The membrane potential of a cell can be measured by inserting a microelectrode into a cell and comparing the charge to a reference electrode in the extracellular fluid. The...
21.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction on Patient-Reported Symptoms After PCI.

JACC. Advances·2026
Same author

Reperfusion injury from a haemodynamic standpoint and role of pressure-controlled reperfusion in avoiding reperfusion injury.

European heart journal open·2026
Same author

Improving arrhythmic risk prediction using cardiac magnetic resonance within deep learning in ischemic heart disease.

NPJ cardiovascular health·2026
Same author

Sex differences in escalation to atrioventricular node ablation following catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation.

Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing·2026
Same author

Predictors of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy in patients undergoing AV nodal ablation: insights from a Delphi process and retrospective cohort study.

European heart journal open·2026
Same author

The Pivotal Role of Advanced Echocardiography in Transcatheter Closure of Challenging Secundum Atrial Septal Defect Anatomies: An Expert-Based Review.

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Ultrasound Based Assessment of Coronary Artery Flow and Coronary Flow Reserve Using the Pressure Overload Model in Mice
06:39

Ultrasound Based Assessment of Coronary Artery Flow and Coronary Flow Reserve Using the Pressure Overload Model in Mice

Published on: April 13, 2015

15.7K

Resting Coronary Flow Varies With Normal Cardiac Catheter Laboratory Stimuli.

Bhavik N Modi1, Haseeb Rahman1, Satpal Arri1

  • 1Cardiovascular Division, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, United Kingdom.

Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine : Including Molecular Interventions
|November 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Resting coronary flow and microvascular resistance fluctuate with routine catheter lab stimuli, impacting stenosis severity assessments. Further research is needed to understand the clinical significance of these variations.

Keywords:
Coronary artery diseaseFractional flow reserveInstantaneous wave-free ratio

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats
06:32

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Published on: June 28, 2019

8.5K
Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice
08:15

Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice

Published on: September 17, 2015

20.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Ultrasound Based Assessment of Coronary Artery Flow and Coronary Flow Reserve Using the Pressure Overload Model in Mice
06:39

Ultrasound Based Assessment of Coronary Artery Flow and Coronary Flow Reserve Using the Pressure Overload Model in Mice

Published on: April 13, 2015

15.7K
Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats
06:32

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Published on: June 28, 2019

8.5K
Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice
08:15

Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice

Published on: September 17, 2015

20.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular physiology
  • Interventional cardiology
  • Diagnostic angiography

Background:

  • Physiology-guided revascularization is increasingly supported.
  • Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) is the standard invasive measure for coronary blood flow impairment.
  • Resting indices like Instantaneous Wave Free Ratio (iFR) and resting Pd/Pa are gaining interest but may be sensitive to microvascular tone and flow changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the variability of resting coronary flow in response to standard catheter laboratory stimuli.
  • To determine if normal stimuli affect coronary flow and microvascular resistance.
  • To assess the impact of these changes on resting indices of stenosis severity.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous intracoronary pressure (Pd) and Doppler Average Peak Flow Velocity (APV) were recorded in 72 patients.
  • Measurements were taken at rest and immediately before adenosine infusion.
  • Systemic hemodynamic measures were also monitored.

Main Results:

  • Average peak flow velocity significantly increased (10.2% variation, p < 0.001) with a concurrent drop in microvascular resistance (p < 0.001).
  • These changes occurred without significant alterations in systemic hemodynamics.
  • Trends towards changes in Pd/Pa and iFR were observed but were not statistically or clinically significant (p = 0.110 and p = 0.073, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Resting coronary flow and microvascular resistance exhibit significant variability with common catheter laboratory stimuli.
  • The clinical implications of these variations on resting stenosis severity indices require further investigation in larger patient groups.