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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
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Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
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Hallucinations in...
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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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[Delusions in Dementia].

Yasuhiro Nagahama1

  • 1Kawasaki Memorial Hospital.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|November 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Delusions, common in dementia, stem from impaired social cognition processes. Damage to the "social brain," like the medial prefrontal cortex, may underlie persecutory delusions in Alzheimer disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.

Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychiatry
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Delusions are frequent neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia.
  • Persecutory delusions, including those of theft or jealousy, are most common.
  • These delusions suggest impaired psychological processes in forming social beliefs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the psychological and neuroanatomical underpinnings of persecutory delusions in dementia.
  • To identify cognitive biases contributing to delusion formation.
  • To investigate the role of social cognition deficits and associated neural circuitry.

Main Methods:

  • Review of psychological processes implicated in delusion formation.
  • Analysis of cognitive biases (attentional, attributional, reasoning).

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  • Examination of social cognition deficits and neuroanatomy of the

    • Main Results:

    • Impaired psychological processes mediate the formation and maintenance of social beliefs in patients with persecutory delusions.
    • Attentional bias, jumping-to-conclusions reasoning, and theory of mind deficits contribute to delusion formation.
    • Damage to social brain circuitry, including the medial prefrontal cortex, is implicated.

    Conclusions:

    • Persecutory delusions in dementia arise from deficits in social cognition.
    • Disordered cognitive processes and neuroanatomical damage to the social brain are key factors.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing dementia-related delusions.