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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

703
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Isolation and Culture of Mouse Cortical Astrocytes
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Isolation and Culture of Mouse Cortical Astrocytes

Published on: January 19, 2013

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Astrocytes and Aging.

Alexandra L Palmer1, Shalina S Ousman1,2

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|November 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

As the population ages, understanding cellular changes is crucial. This review examines how aging astrocytes impact central nervous system (CNS) health and neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords:
CNSagingastrocytesinflammationmicroglianeurodegenerationneuronsoligodendrocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The global population is aging rapidly, increasing the burden of age-related diseases.
  • Cellular aging compromises tissue function, particularly in the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Astrocytes, critical glial cells, play a key role in CNS health and homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on the role of astrocytes in the aging process.
  • To examine the morphological and molecular changes in aged astrocytes.
  • To understand how astrocyte dysfunction contributes to aging and neurodegeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on astrocyte aging.
  • Analysis of research on astrocyte morphology and molecular profiles.
  • Synthesis of data on astrocyte function in aging and disease.

Main Results:

  • Aging alters astrocyte morphology and molecular characteristics.
  • Astrocyte dysfunction impairs CNS homeostasis and increases inflammation.
  • Aged astrocytes are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Aged astrocytes contribute significantly to age-related CNS decline.
  • Understanding astrocyte aging is vital for developing interventions for age-related diseases.
  • Further research into astrocyte-specific aging mechanisms is warranted.