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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Generation of Alginate Microspheres for Biomedical Applications
Published on: August 12, 2012
Geographical Distribution of Biomedical Research in the USA and China
Yingjun Guan1, Jing Du1, Vetle I Torvik1
1School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
Abstract:
We analyze nearly 20 million geocoded PubMed articles with author affiliations. Using K-means clustering for the lower 48 US states and mainland China, we find that the average published paper is within a relatively short distance of a few centroids. These centroids have shifted very little over the past 30 years, and the distribution of distances to these centroids has not changed much either. The overall country centroids have gradually shifted south (about 0.2° for the USA and 1.7° for China), while the longitude has not moved significantly. These findings indicate that there are few large scientific hubs in the USA and China and the typical investigator is within geographical reach of one such hub. This sets the stage to study centralization of biomedical research at national and regional levels across the globe, and over time.
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