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Metabolic characteristics and nutrient utilization in high-feed-efficiency pigs selected using different feed

Beibei He1,2, Tiantian Li1,2, Wei Wang1,2

  • 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.

Science China. Life Sciences
|November 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Understanding pig nutrient utilization reveals distinct gut bacteria and metabolic profiles linked to high feed efficiency (FE). High-FE pigs show specific SCFA-producing bacteria or improved intestinal function, depending on the model used.

Keywords:
caecum microbiotafeed efficiencygrowing pigsintestinal functionsmuscle growth and mitochondrial activity

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Optimizing pig production costs requires understanding nutrient utilization in pigs with varying feed efficiencies (FE).
  • Feed efficiency is influenced by complex interactions between diet, host physiology, and gut microbiota.
  • Identifying key factors contributing to high FE can inform strategies for more sustainable pork production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nutrient utilization characteristics of pigs with different feed efficiencies using two distinct models.
  • To identify differences in gut microbiota composition and host gene expression associated with high and low feed efficiency.
  • To elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying superior feed efficiency in pigs.

Main Methods:

  • Selection of pigs based on two feed conversion ratio models: feed intake (FI) and average daily gain (ADG).
  • Analysis of caecal microbiota composition using sequencing techniques.
  • Measurement of host gene expression related to growth, metabolism, and intestinal function (e.g., IGF-1, occludin, AMPK-α2, PGC1α).

Main Results:

  • High-FE pigs in the FI model exhibited higher abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria.
  • Low-FE pigs in both models showed increased abundance of specific bacterial families and genera.
  • High-FE pigs in the FI model had more goblet cells and higher IGF-1 expression; in the ADG model, they had higher occludin and lower AMPK-α2 and PGC1α expression.

Conclusions:

  • SCFA-producing bacteria and enhanced muscular growth contribute to high FE in low-FI pigs.
  • Improved intestinal functions and reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity are associated with high FE in high-ADG pigs.
  • Distinct microbial and physiological profiles underpin feed efficiency in pigs, offering targets for nutritional and breeding strategies.