Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Published on: April 5, 2024
The Direct and Indirect Costs to Society of Carpal Tunnel Release
Alexandra S Gabrielli1, Alex C Lesiak1, John R Fowler1
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, USA.
Abstract:
Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common compressive neuropathies and affects a large amount of individuals. We investigated the direct and indirect cost to society of operative versus nonoperative management of CTS. Methods: A Monte Carlo simulation model was used to estimate the lifetime direct and indirect costs associated with nonoperative and operative treatment of CTS, and its utility to patients. Results: Operative treatment of CTS had a lower total cost and a higher utility when compared with nonoperative treatment. Conclusions: CTS surgery is clearly a cost-effective treatment strategy that should be included in the societal perspective regarding evolving costs and savings associated with health care.
Related Concept Videos
Indirect Motor Pathways
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
EDTA: Indirect and Alkalimetric Titration
Energy-releasing Steps of Glycolysis
The first energy-releasing step—the 6th step of glycolysis...
Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacokinetics
Reversible agents containing quaternary amines, such as neostigmine and edrophonium, are not easily absorbed orally because they...
Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents
One mechanism involves depleting stored catecholamines by displacing them from synaptic vesicles. These agents, known as "displacers," are transported into vesicles at the expense of noradrenaline. Examples include amphetamine and tyramine, which lack a catechol moiety, resulting in prolonged action, improved oral...

