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The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content
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Can emotional content be extracted under interocular suppression?

Yung-Hao Yang1, Su-Ling Yeh1,2,3,4

  • 1Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

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Emotional faces break interocular suppression faster, especially familiar ones. This suggests high-level processing of emotional content under suppression, with low-level features dominating for unfamiliar faces.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Emotional faces are more easily perceived than neutral faces under continuous flash suppression (CFS).
  • The contribution of emotional content versus low-level visual properties to this effect remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of emotional content in breaking CFS (b-CFS) by manipulating facial expression meaningfulness.
  • To examine the relationship between b-CFS time and explicit emotion judgment.
  • To explore the influence of face familiarity (own-race vs. other-race, upright vs. inverted) on b-CFS.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Manipulated face orientation and luminance polarity to create upright-positive and inverted-negative faces.
  • Experiment 2: Presented own-race (Asian) and other-race (Caucasian) faces to Taiwanese participants.
  • Utilized the continuous flash suppression (CFS) paradigm to measure b-CFS times and conducted subsequent explicit emotion judgments.

Main Results:

  • Robust face familiarity effects observed: upright-positive and own-race faces showed shorter b-CFS times than inverted-negative and other-race faces.
  • Emotional faces had differential b-CFS times compared to neutral faces, particularly for familiar faces (upright-positive, own-race).
  • Emotion judgment magnitude correlated with b-CFS time for familiar faces but not unfamiliar faces.

Conclusions:

  • Emotional content is extractable under interocular suppression, particularly for familiar faces, indicating high-level processing.
  • Low-level visual properties appear to be more influential in breaking suppression for unfamiliar faces.
  • Face familiarity plays a critical role in the processing of emotional expressions during interocular suppression.