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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Rapid, Directed Differentiation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Human Embryonic or Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Stemming retinal regeneration with pluripotent stem cells.

Zi-Bing Jin1, Mei-Ling Gao1, Wen-Li Deng1

  • 1Laboratory for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Optometry & Visual Science, National Center for International Research in Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
|November 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cell replacement therapy offers hope for irreversible retinal cell death in diseases like AMD and glaucoma. Stem cell-derived retinal cells and mesenchymal stem cells show promise in preclinical and clinical studies for vision restoration.

Keywords:
Pluripotent stem cellsRetinal degenerationRetinal pigment epitheliumRetinal tissueStem cell-derived retinal cellTransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Retinal degenerative diseases like AMD, Stargardt's, RP, and glaucoma cause irreversible cell death, leading to vision loss.
  • Current treatments cannot reverse retinal cell degeneration, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches.
  • These conditions involve the loss of specific retinal cell types, including retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current preclinical and clinical findings on cell replacement therapy for retinal degenerative diseases.
  • To discuss methods for generating retinal cells from pluripotent stem cells for transplantation.
  • To address future challenges including efficacy, safety, and immunorejection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical studies on cell replacement therapy for retinal diseases.
  • Discussion of stem cell-derived retinal cell generation (RPE, photoreceptors, RGCs, organoids).
  • Inclusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a protective therapeutic option.

Main Results:

  • Pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal cells offer an unlimited source for transplantation.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate multifunctional protective capabilities for degenerating retinal cells.
  • Both cell replacement and neuroprotection strategies are being explored to restore visual function.

Conclusions:

  • Cell replacement therapy using stem cell-derived retinal cells is a promising universal treatment strategy.
  • Further research is needed to optimize efficacy, ensure safety, and overcome immunorejection in transplantation.
  • Continued investigation into preclinical and clinical studies is crucial for advancing retinal regenerative medicine.