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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
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Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

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Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
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Classification of Leukocytes01:30

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Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
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Structure and Function of Leukocytes01:21

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An adult in good health typically has between 4,500 and 11,000 leukocytes, or white blood cells, per microliter of blood, which constitutes about 1% of the total blood volume. Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells contain a nucleus and other cellular organelles but do not have hemoglobin. Most white blood cells reside in connective tissues, particularly in lymphatic organs such as the lymph nodes, with only a small fraction present in circulating blood.
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Detection of Human Leukocyte Antigen Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Utilizing Label-free Biosensor Technology
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Human Leukocyte Antigen Typing by Next-Generation Sequencing.

Tracie Profaizer1, Attila Kumánovics1

  • 1ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.

Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
|November 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Next generation sequencing (NGS) resolves human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing ambiguities caused by gene variations. Commercially available NGS kits offer accurate and affordable HLA genotyping, with newer technologies promising further improvements.

Keywords:
DNA sequencingHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA)Next generation sequencing (NGS)Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

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Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele ambiguities arise from limitations in current HLA typing methods.
  • Polymorphisms in unsequenced regions and indistinguishable cis/trans variants are key sources of ambiguity with Sanger sequencing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the capability of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in resolving HLA typing ambiguities.
  • To introduce commercially available NGS kits for high-quality, unambiguous HLA genotyping.
  • To discuss the future potential of third-generation sequencing in HLA typing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to sequence the entire HLA gene.
  • Employing commercially available HLA NGS genotyping kits.
  • Exploring third-generation sequencing technologies for enhanced HLA analysis.

Main Results:

  • NGS effectively resolves ambiguities stemming from unsequenced gene regions and cis/trans variants.
  • Commercial NGS kits provide high-quality, unambiguous HLA typing at an affordable cost.
  • Third-generation sequencing is expected to enhance quality, reduce turnaround times, and enable full-gene phasing.

Conclusions:

  • NGS technology overcomes limitations of traditional methods for accurate HLA allele determination.
  • Accessible NGS kits empower laboratories to achieve reliable and unambiguous HLA genotyping.
  • Advancements in sequencing technology promise further improvements in HLA typing efficiency and resolution.