Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

35.7K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
35.7K
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

23.3K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
23.3K
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

975
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
975
Impact of Individuals on Individuals01:30

Impact of Individuals on Individuals

382
Human behavior is intricately shaped by social influences that arise from interactions with others in diverse contexts. These influences not only mold beliefs and attitudes but also drive the regulation of behaviors through both direct communication and observational learning. The study of these processes falls within the domain of social psychology, which seeks to understand how individuals are affected by and affect those around them.Mechanisms of Social InfluenceDirect social influence...
382
Variability: Analysis01:11

Variability: Analysis

511
Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...
511
Random Variables01:09

Random Variables

17.8K
A random variable is a single numerical value that indicates the outcome of a procedure. The concept of random variables is fundamental to the probability theory and was introduced by a Russian mathematician, Pafnuty Chebyshev, in the mid-nineteenth century.
Uppercase letters such as X or Y denote a random variable. Lowercase letters like x or y denote the value of a random variable. If X is a random variable, then X is written in words, and x is given as a number.
For example, let X = the...
17.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Stability control of metastable states as a unified mechanism for flexible temporal modulation in cognitive processing.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society·2025
Same author

Transient boosting of action potential backpropagation for few-shot temporal pattern learning.

PLoS computational biology·2025
Same author

Fluctuation-learning relationship in recurrent neural networks.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Building on models-a perspective for computational neuroscience.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2025
Same author

Excitatory/inhibitory ratio disruption modulates neural synchrony and flow directions in a cortical microcircuit.

PLoS computational biology·2025
Same author

Multimodal dataset linking wide-field calcium imaging to behavior changes in operant lever-pull task in mice.

Scientific data·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

12.2K

Neuronal stability in medial frontal cortex sets individual variability in decision-making.

Tomoki Kurikawa1, Tatsuya Haga1, Takashi Handa2

  • 1Laboratory for Neural Coding and Brain Computing, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan.

Nature Neuroscience
|November 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Individual differences in decision-making stem from unstable neural populations in the medial frontal cortex (MFC). This study reveals how neural stability impacts choice variability in rats navigating uncertainty.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Parasagittal Slices for the Investigation of Dorsal-ventral Organization of the Rodent Medial Entorhinal Cortex
09:45

Preparation of Parasagittal Slices for the Investigation of Dorsal-ventral Organization of the Rodent Medial Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: March 28, 2012

16.1K
Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex
11:31

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: February 25, 2022

2.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

12.2K
Preparation of Parasagittal Slices for the Investigation of Dorsal-ventral Organization of the Rodent Medial Entorhinal Cortex
09:45

Preparation of Parasagittal Slices for the Investigation of Dorsal-ventral Organization of the Rodent Medial Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: March 28, 2012

16.1K
Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex
11:31

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: February 25, 2022

2.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Decision-making relies on specific brain circuits, yet individual variability, especially under uncertainty, is significant.
  • The underlying causes of this variability within consistent neural circuits remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origins of individual variability in decision-making behavior.
  • To determine if altered stability in neuronal populations contributes to decision variability in the medial frontal cortex (MFC).

Main Methods:

  • Rats performed a sensory-guided choice task with familiar and unfamiliar stimuli.
  • A recurrent neural network model was developed to analyze MFC neuronal population dynamics.
  • Experimental validation of model predictions using trial-by-trial neuronal activity recording.

Main Results:

  • Individual choice responses varied significantly when rats encountered unfamiliar stimuli.
  • The model indicated that the landscape of neural population trajectories explained choice variability.
  • Experimental data confirmed that neuronal activity variability reflects this landscape and predicts individual decision-making differences.

Conclusions:

  • Altered stability in neuronal populations within the MFC is a key factor driving individual variability in decision-making.
  • Neural population dynamics and their stability are critical for understanding individual differences in choice behavior under uncertainty.