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Urolithiasis in Jordanian children. A report of 52 cases
A M Dajani1, A L Abu Khadra, F M Baghdadi
1Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, Amman.
Insights
Pediatric urinary calculi (kidney stones) are more common in males, often presenting after school age with symptoms like pain, infection, or blood in urine. Surgical intervention is frequently needed, with low recurrence rates.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Urology
- Nephrology
- Pediatric Surgery
Background:
- Urinary calculi in children present unique diagnostic and management challenges.
- Understanding epidemiological factors and common causes is crucial for effective pediatric stone management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of pediatric urinary calculi.
- To identify common causative factors and presenting symptoms in children with kidney stones.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 52 children diagnosed with urinary calculi between 1975 and 1986.
- Analysis of patient demographics, stone location, presenting symptoms, causative factors, management, and recurrence.
Main Results:
- Males predominated; the mean age was 7.2 years, with 71% presenting after school age.
- Upper tract stones were most common, with abdominal pain, infection, and hematuria as primary symptoms.
- Infection, malformations, and urodynamic abnormalities were key factors; metabolic disorders were rare. Calcium oxalate and uric acid stones predominated. Surgical management was required in 88% of cases with a low recurrence rate (3.8%).
Conclusions:
- Pediatric urinary calculi exhibit variable presentations requiring a high index of suspicion for diagnosis.
- Infection and anatomical abnormalities are significant contributing factors in pediatric stone formation.
- Surgical intervention is effective for most pediatric urinary calculi cases with a low risk of recurrence.
Abstract:
Fifty-two children with urinary calculi seen between 1975 and 1986 were reviewed. Males dominated the series. The age distribution ranged from 10 months to 14 years (mean 7.2 years); 71% presented after school age. Most patients had upper tract stones. The main presenting symptoms were abdominal pain, infection and haematuria. The causative factors or co-factors were infection, malformations and urodynamic abnormalities. Metabolic disorders were rare. Calcium oxalate and uric acid stones were found most often. Surgical management was required in 88% of patients and only 3.8% had a recurrence. Presenting symptoms are variable and so a high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis.