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Executive Function and Spatial Cognition Mediate Psychosocial Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder.

Matthew J Knight1, Bernhard T Baune2

  • 1Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|November 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Executive and spatial cognition deficits in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) significantly impact psychosocial functioning, including autonomy and subjective cognition. Targeting these cognitive domains may improve recovery treatments for MDD patients.

Keywords:
MDDcognitiondepressionexecutive functionmediationpsychosocial functioningspatial cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by significant cognitive and psychosocial dysfunction.
  • Poor cognitive functioning is increasingly recognized as a mediator of MDD's impact on psychosocial well-being.
  • The domain-specific nature of cognitive deficits and their mediation of psychosocial functioning in MDD requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether domain-specific cognitive deficits mediate the relationship between MDD and specific psychosocial subdomains.
  • To examine the role of spatial cognition and executive functioning in the psychosocial impairments associated with MDD.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 155 participants (45 with MDD, 110 healthy controls) from the Cognitive Function and Mood Study (CoFaMS).
  • Cognitive functioning assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Colorado Assessment Tests (CATs), and Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL).
  • Psychosocial functioning evaluated using the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST).

Main Results:

  • Spatial cognition and executive functioning partially mediated the negative effects of MDD on overall psychosocial functioning, autonomy, and subjective cognition.
  • These cognitive domains exhibited varied mediation patterns concerning interpersonal relationships and leisure time activities.
  • The findings highlight a complex interplay between specific cognitive functions and distinct areas of psychosocial impairment in MDD.

Conclusions:

  • Executive and spatial cognitive functions are crucial in the pathophysiology of psychosocial dysfunction in MDD.
  • Addressing executive and spatial cognitive deficits could enhance the effectiveness of psychosocial recovery interventions for individuals with MDD.
  • Cognitive remediation targeting these domains may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for improving functional outcomes in MDD.