Patient Survival after Surgical Management in Intrathoracic Pseudomyxoma peritonei

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare disease, characterized by mucinous ascites and deposits diffusely present on the peritoneal surfaces. However, extension of PMP to the thoracic cavity is extremely rare. Although there are a few case reports on the long-term postoperative prognosis of intrathoracic lesions, whether surgical resection of these lesions can improve patient prognosis remains unclear.

We reviewed 17 patients with PMP who underwent resection of intrathoracic lesions after abdominal cytoreductive surgery and examined their clinical outcome after surgery.

Direct extension into the pleural cavity was identified in 11 patients. Extrapleural pneumonectomy of the lesions followed by hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITOC) was performed in four patients, parietal pleurectomy and visceral tumor resection followed by HITOC in four patients, resection of all disseminated pleural and visceral lesions followed by HITOC in one patient, resection of a single disseminated lesion in one patient, and composite resection of basal segment with the diaphragm in one patient. Pulmonary metastases were found in six patients. Partial resection was performed in four patients, segmentectomy in one patient, and lobectomy in one patient. We could perform macroscopic resection of the tumor in all the cases. The 5-year overall survival rate after thoracic surgery for the 17 patients was 46.1% and relapse-free survival was 34.9%.

Resection of intrathoracic lesions of PMP after abdominal cytoreductive surgery achieved 5 years survival in at least 46.1% of the patients. Aggressive tumor resection should be considered for patients with PMP extending to thoracic cavity.