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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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The understanding of the concept of reference frames is essential to discuss relative motion in one or more dimensions. When we say that an object has a certain velocity, we must state the velocity with respect to a given reference frame. In most examples, this reference frame has been Earth. For instance, if a statement reads that a person is sitting in a train moving at 10 m/s east, then it implies that the person on the train is moving relative to the surface of Earth at this velocity,...
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The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. Like the histogram, a relative frequency histogram also has the same shape with a horizontal scale (the x-axis), but the vertical scale (the y-axis) is marked with relative frequencies (percentages of the whole) instead of actual frequencies. A relative frequency histogram is a graphical representation of a frequency distribution where the...
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Relative velocity is the velocity of an object as observed from a particular reference frame, or the velocity of one reference frame with respect to another reference frame. The concept of relative velocity can be used to describe motion in two dimensions. Consider a particle P and two reference frames S and S′. The position of the origin of S′ as measured in S is , the position of P as measured in S′ is , and the position of P as measured in S is , which can be evaluated by utilizing...
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Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
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Microbiome and its relation to gestational diabetes.

Ramon V Cortez1, Carla R Taddei2, Luiz G Sparvoli2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9 andar - 04939032, São Paulo, Brazil.

Endocrine
|November 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is linked to changes in the vaginal and intestinal microbiome. This study found reduced diversity and specific bacterial genera associated with GDM, suggesting a role for the microbiome in its development.

Keywords:
Gestational diabetesIntestinal microbiomeOral microbiomePregnancyVaginal microbiome

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Microbiome research
  • Metabolic disease

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant pregnancy complication characterized by inflammation and insulin resistance.
  • The maternal microbiome's role in GDM pathophysiology is not fully understood.
  • Microbiota influences various metabolic functions during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the composition of the maternal microbiota at oral, vaginal, and intestinal sites.
  • To determine the relationship between microbiota composition and the occurrence of GDM.
  • To explore the potential role of microbial dysbiosis in GDM development.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study design involving pregnant women in their third trimester.
  • Recruitment of 68 participants (26 with GDM, 42 without GDM).
  • Next-generation sequencing used to analyze oral, vaginal, and stool samples.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in oral microbiome composition were observed between GDM and control groups.
  • GDM patients exhibited a distinct vaginal and intestinal microbiome composition compared to controls.
  • The vaginal and intestinal microbiomes in GDM patients were less diverse and showed genera associated with dysbiosis.

Conclusions:

  • Alterations in vaginal and intestinal microbiome composition may contribute to GDM development.
  • Further research involving post-delivery sample analysis could elucidate the long-term metabolic implications for women with prior GDM.
  • The findings highlight the potential involvement of microbial dysbiosis in the physiopathology of gestational diabetes mellitus.