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Radiogenomics.

Michael D Story1,2, Marco Durante3,4

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Medical Physics
|November 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Radiogenomics uses genomic data to understand radiation response. Integrating these biological signatures into radiation oncology can personalize cancer therapy for better patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Radiogenomics investigates genomic alterations influencing normal and tumor tissue responses to radiation.
  • While often viewed as a whole-genome approach, the impact of single gene mutations on radioresponse is significant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of radiogenomics in understanding normal tissue adverse events and predicting radiotherapy outcomes.
  • To explore transcriptome and non-coding RNA analyses in elucidating tumor and normal tissue radioresponse.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies associating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with normal tissue toxicity and treatment outcomes.
  • Analysis of transcriptome data (mRNA) to understand molecular signaling in radioresponse.
Keywords:
charged particlesheavy ionsradiobiologyradiogenomicsradiosensitivity

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  • Investigation of non-coding RNAs (miRNA, lncRNA) as regulators of gene expression impacting radioresponse.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified biological signatures predicting radioresponse, including cell type-specific responses, surviving fraction at 2 Gy, and hypoxia.
    • Omics analysis of charged particle (proton, carbon ion) radiation response shows parallels with low-LET radiation, primarily through p53 signaling.
    • Novel omics responses to charged particles, such as downregulation of angiogenesis and invasion pathways, suggest reduced tumor invasiveness compared to low-LET radiation.

    Conclusions:

    • Radiogenomic insights offer potential for personalized cancer therapy within radiation oncology.
    • Further validation of predictive and prognostic signatures in clinical trials is crucial for integrating radiogenomics into routine practice.