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Development of the Self-Forgiveness Dual-Process Scale.

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This study introduces a new dual-process model of self-forgiveness, identifying value reorientation and esteem restoration as key components. These processes help explain how individuals cope with wrongdoing and reduce rumination.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Current self-forgiveness research lacks integration with broader psychological theories.
  • Existing measures do not fully capture the nuances of self-forgiveness.
  • Understanding the impact of self-forgiveness on functioning and developing clinical applications are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conceptualize self-forgiveness within Social Cognitive Theory.
  • To develop and validate the Self-Forgiveness Dual-Process Scale (SF-DPS).
  • To assess value reorientation (VRO) and esteem restoration (ERS) as core components of self-forgiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Study 1: Factor analysis of the SF-DPS in university students (N=191).
  • Study 2: Replication of factor structure and construct validity in an independent sample (N=100).
  • Study 3: Regression analysis to assess VRO and ERS in explaining offense-related rumination (N=66).

Main Results:

  • The SF-DPS demonstrated a robust two-factor structure (VRO and ERS).
  • VRO and ERS showed distinct associations with self-forgiveness, self-punishment, and self-exoneration.
  • VRO and ERS uniquely explained variance in rumination beyond existing self-forgiveness measures.

Conclusions:

  • Self-forgiveness can be understood as a dual process involving value reorientation and esteem restoration.
  • These processes are distinct from other responses to wrongdoing and impact psychological functioning.
  • Findings support the development of evidence-based clinical applications for self-forgiveness.