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The relationships and interactions between age, exercise and physiological function.

Norman R Lazarus1, Janet M Lord2,3, Stephen D R Harridge1

  • 1Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.

The Journal of Physiology
|November 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physical activity is crucial for healthy ageing. Exercise influences physiological systems differently, creating a "mosaic of regulation" that impacts ageing processes across the lifespan.

Keywords:
AgeingExerciseHuman physiology

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Healthy ageing is significantly influenced by physical activity levels.
  • Understanding the interplay between ageing, exercise, and physiological function is vital.
  • Participant selection in ageing research requires careful consideration of physical activity and lifestyle factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex interactions between human ageing, exercise, and physiological function.
  • To explore the concept of a "mosaic of regulation" in physiological systems during ageing.
  • To categorize physiological systems based on their age and activity dependency.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on human ageing, exercise, and physiological responses.
  • Analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs in ageing research.
  • Categorization of physiological systems based on age- and activity-dependent changes.

Main Results:

  • Physiological systems exhibit a "mosaic of regulation" in response to ageing and exercise.
  • Four categories of regulation were proposed: age-dependent/activity-independent, age-dependent/malleable by exercise, age-independent/altered by exercise, and neither age nor activity dependent.
  • Skeletal muscle, immune, endocrine, gastrointestinal, and cognitive functions were examined within this framework.

Conclusions:

  • The impact of exercise on physiological ageing varies across different systems.
  • A nuanced understanding of how physical activity modulates ageing is essential for promoting health.
  • Future research should define participants by physical activity status for more accurate ageing studies.