Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

55.1K
Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
55.1K
Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

4.5K
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
4.5K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.1K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.1K
Atomic Orbitals02:44

Atomic Orbitals

43.9K
An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
43.9K
Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

209.6K
Overview
209.6K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

67.3K
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
67.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Trace-Level Detection of a Niacin Metabolite in Human Blood under Phosphonate Pillar[6]arene-Induced Columnar-Like Aggregation Conditions.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Hydration-Mediated Energy Landscapes Govern Rotational Flexibility in Membrane-Bound Annexin V Assemblies.

Nano letters·2026
Same author

Dihydroxyhexanoic acid biosynthesis controls turgor in pathogenic fungi.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Angstrom-Scale Water Layer Structure on van der Waals Materials Probed by 3D Atomic Force Microscopy: From Acidic to Alkaline Aqueous Solutions.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same author

Probing the molecular structure at graphite-water interfaces by correlating 3D-AFM and SHINERS.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

The paradoxes of interfacial electrolyte structures.

Nature materials·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid
10:25

Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid

Published on: December 20, 2016

17.5K

Atomic- and Molecular-Resolution Mapping of Solid-Liquid Interfaces by 3D Atomic Force Microscopy.

Takeshi Fukuma1, Ricardo Garcia2

  • 1Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan.

ACS Nano
|November 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three-dimensional atomic force microscopy (3D-AFM) offers high-resolution imaging of solid-liquid interfaces. This technique reveals atomic details of hydration layers crucial for understanding biological and material processes.

Keywords:
3D-AFMAFMMD simulationsatomic resolutionforce mapsforce spectroscopyforce−distance curveshydration layerssolid−liquid interfaces

More Related Videos

Bacterial Immobilization for Imaging by Atomic Force Microscopy
10:03

Bacterial Immobilization for Imaging by Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: August 10, 2011

17.8K
Atomic Force Microscopy of Red-Light Photoreceptors Using PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Property Mapping
14:13

Atomic Force Microscopy of Red-Light Photoreceptors Using PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Property Mapping

Published on: October 24, 2014

12.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid
10:25

Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid

Published on: December 20, 2016

17.5K
Bacterial Immobilization for Imaging by Atomic Force Microscopy
10:03

Bacterial Immobilization for Imaging by Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: August 10, 2011

17.8K
Atomic Force Microscopy of Red-Light Photoreceptors Using PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Property Mapping
14:13

Atomic Force Microscopy of Red-Light Photoreceptors Using PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Property Mapping

Published on: October 24, 2014

12.2K

Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Interfacial aqueous layers are fundamental to life and technology.
  • Understanding these layers requires sensitive, high-resolution imaging tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles and physics of three-dimensional atomic force microscopy (3D-AFM).
  • To demonstrate 3D-AFM's capability in imaging solid-liquid interfaces at atomic resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of 3D-AFM operating principles and physics.
  • Illustration of atomic defect resolution on crystalline surfaces in liquid.
  • Application examples for imaging hydration structures on DNA and proteins.

Main Results:

  • 3D-AFM provides atomically resolved 3D images of solid-liquid interfaces.
  • The instrument can detect atomic defects on crystal surfaces submerged in liquid.
  • Hydration structures of DNA and proteins can be visualized.

Conclusions:

  • 3D-AFM is a powerful tool for studying interfacial phenomena.
  • Emerging applications in materials science and molecular biology are anticipated.
  • High-resolution imaging of hydration layers is key to advancing multiple scientific fields.