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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia - a low-grade pathogen with numerous virulence factors

Angelina Trifonova1, Tanya Strateva2

  • 1a Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Military Epidemiology and Hygiene , Military Medical Academy , Sofia , Bulgaria.

Infectious Diseases (London, England)
|November 14, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections are challenging due to antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. Targeting quorum sensing (QS) offers a promising strategy to control these opportunistic infections.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive care units, immunocompromised patients, and individuals with cystic fibrosis.
  • Treatment is complicated by intrinsic and acquired multidrug resistance.
  • Pathogenesis involves various virulence factors and biofilm formation, crucial for infection progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review extracellular and cell-associated virulence factors of S. maltophilia.
  • To summarize biofilm formation characteristics.
  • To explore the role of quorum sensing (QS) in virulence and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on S. maltophilia virulence factors.
  • Analysis of data on biofilm formation mechanisms.
  • Examination of quorum sensing (QS) regulation of virulence attributes.

Main Results:

  • S. maltophilia possesses diverse extracellular and cell-associated virulence factors.
  • Biofilm formation on surfaces and tissues is a significant virulence trait.
  • Quorum sensing (QS) finely controls virulence factors like enzymes and motility in a cell-density-dependent manner.

Conclusions:

  • Virulence factors and biofilm formation are key to S. maltophilia pathogenesis.
  • Quorum sensing (QS) is a central regulatory mechanism for these virulence traits.
  • Targeting QS presents a novel therapeutic avenue for managing S. maltophilia infections.
Keywords:
BiofilmQuorum sensingVirulence factors

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