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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
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Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, certain functional groups will make a molecule hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each functional group is a unique...
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In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.
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Biotechnology in ciliates: an overview.

María E Elguero1, Clara B Nudel1, Alejandro D Nusblat1

  • 1a Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC) , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina.

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
|November 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Ciliates are versatile microorganisms with significant applications in biotechnology, from producing valuable compounds to environmental remediation. This review explores their diverse uses and future potential in scientific research and industry.

Keywords:
Ciliatesbiotechnologylarge-scale culturemembrane proteinsstrain developmenttoxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Ciliates have historical significance in biological research since the 19th century.
  • Recent advancements in biotechnology have unveiled new applications for ciliates.
  • These microorganisms offer unique capabilities for various scientific and industrial processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse applications of ciliates in biotechnology.
  • To highlight the benefits and drawbacks of using ciliates in different fields.
  • To assess the future potential and limitations of ciliate-based technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on ciliate applications.
  • Analysis of biotechnological, biocontrol, and bioremediation uses.
  • Evaluation of molecular-genetic techniques and large-scale culturing.

Main Results:

  • Ciliates are utilized for producing proteins, lipids, metabolites, and antigens.
  • Applications include toxicity screening, biocontrol, bioremediation, and biotransformation.
  • Potential exists for producing complex membrane proteins, while other areas show less promise.

Conclusions:

  • Ciliates present a broad spectrum of biotechnological applications.
  • Further research and technological development are needed to optimize their use.
  • Strategic focus on high-potential areas like complex protein production is recommended.