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Related Concept Videos

Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

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Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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Prioritising candidate genes causing QTL using hierarchical orthologous groups.

Alex Warwick Vesztrocy1,2, Christophe Dessimoz1,2,3,4,5, Henning Redestig6

  • 1Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.

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QTLSearch identifies candidate causal genes in plant Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) studies by integrating cross-species gene annotations. This method surpasses traditional approaches in discovering more potential genes for traits like yield and size.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biotechnology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Identifying genes for specific plant traits is crucial for biotechnology.
  • Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) studies pinpoint genomic regions linked to traits.
  • Inferring causal genes from QTL regions is challenging, especially in non-model species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce QTLSearch, a novel method and software tool for identifying candidate causal genes within QTL studies.
  • To improve the efficiency and accuracy of gene discovery in plant breeding and biotechnology.

Main Methods:

  • QTLSearch combines Gene Ontology (GO) annotations across multiple species.
  • It utilizes hierarchical orthologous groups to infer gene function.
  • The method was validated by re-analyzing metabolic QTL studies in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa.

Main Results:

  • QTLSearch identified potential causal genes for more QTL compared to BLAST-based methods.
  • The tool demonstrated superior performance over original study findings, even after statistical significance control.
  • Successfully applied to both model and non-model plant species.

Conclusions:

  • QTLSearch offers a robust and efficient approach for candidate gene discovery in plant QTL studies.
  • The software facilitates the identification of genes underlying complex phenotypic traits.
  • This tool aids researchers in plant biotechnology and breeding by streamlining gene function inference.