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Silk scaffolds with gradient pore structure and improved cell infiltration performance.

Li Huang1, Jianwen Huang2, Huili Shao1

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This study developed 3D silk fibroin scaffolds with gradient pore sizes using low-temperature electrospinning. These engineered scaffolds show improved cell infiltration and proliferation, offering promise for tissue repair applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Mimicking natural tissue's 3D structure and pore architecture is crucial for effective tissue regeneration.
  • Conventional electrospun scaffolds often lack the necessary structural complexity for optimal cell interaction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate 3D silk fibroin scaffolds with controlled gradient pore sizes.
  • To investigate the impact of low-temperature electrospinning (LTE) on scaffold morphology and properties.
  • To evaluate the cellular response to scaffolds with varying pore sizes for tissue engineering applications.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-step electrospinning combined with low-temperature collecting (LTE) was employed to create 3D silk fibroin scaffolds.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and computed tomography (CT) were used to analyze scaffold morphology and pore structure.
  • L929 cell infiltration and proliferation assays were conducted to assess scaffold biocompatibility.

Main Results:

  • LTE electrospun scaffolds exhibited a 3D macro-structure with larger pore sizes compared to conventional methods.
  • Scaffold pore size was successfully tailored by adjusting electrospinning parameters (RH, temperature, SF concentration, electric field, flow rate, needle gauge, collector temperature).
  • Scaffolds with small pores (5.9 ± 1.4 μm) limited cell infiltration, while medium (11.6 ± 1.4 μm) and large pores (37.2 ± 12.9 μm) significantly enhanced cell proliferation and infiltration depth, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • 3D silk fibroin scaffolds with gradient pore sizes can be fabricated using LTE electrospinning.
  • Scaffold pore size critically influences cell behavior, with larger pores promoting infiltration and proliferation.
  • These gradient pore scaffolds hold significant potential for repairing tissues with complex, hierarchical structures.