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Related Concept Videos

Application of Integration: Problem Solving01:30

Application of Integration: Problem Solving

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The process of breathing involves the periodic intake and expulsion of air, known as the respiratory cycle, which typically lasts about five seconds. Modeling the volume of air inhaled into the lungs as a function of time provides insight into both the dynamics and efficiency of pulmonary ventilation. This volume is determined by integrating the airflow rate over time, which captures the cumulative effect of air entering the lungs.Sinusoidal Model of AirflowAirflow during respiration is not...
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Applications of Integration to Find Hydrostatic Pressure01:30

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Hydrostatic force is a fluid's total force at rest on a surface. For a horizontal surface submerged at a fixed depth, the pressure is constant and calculated as the product of fluid density, gravitational acceleration, and depth. In the case of a vertical dam wall submerged in water, this force is not evenly distributed due to the increasing pressure with depth. This variation arises from the cumulative weight of the water above each point. Integration is used to account for the continuous...
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Applications of Integration to Find Centers of Mass01:30

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Rotational equilibrium provides a natural framework for defining the center of mass of a system. For a plank balanced on a pivot with two unequal masses, equilibrium is achieved when the net torque about the pivot is zero. Torque is defined as the product of a force and its perpendicular distance from the pivot. When the torques due to all forces cancel, the pivot coincides with the center of mass of the system.For a system composed of several discrete point masses, the center of mass lies at...
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Applications of Integration to Find Blood Flow01:27

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Blood flow through a cylindrical blood vessel can be mathematically described using the principles of laminar flow, a regime in which fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers. In this model, the velocity of the blood is not uniform across the cross-section of the vessel; rather, it varies with the radial distance from the center. The maximum velocity occurs along the central axis, decreasing progressively toward the vessel walls, where it reaches zero due to viscous drag.Approximating Blood...
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Applications of Integration to Find Consumer Surplus01:29

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In microeconomics, consumer surplus represents the economic gain that consumers experience when they purchase a good or service for less than the highest price they are willing to pay. This surplus arises from the characteristics of the demand function, which links the quantity of a good to the price consumers are willing to pay. As the quantity of a good increases, the price that consumers are willing to pay for each additional unit typically decreases, resulting in a downward-sloping demand...
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Applications of Integration to Probability Density Functions01:27

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Continuous probability distributions are used to model random variables that can take on any real value within a specified range. These variables do not take on isolated or countable values but rather exist on a continuum. For example, the height of an individual can be measured with increasing precision—such as 163.5 or 165.25 centimeters—demonstrating that height is a continuous random variable.The behavior of such variables is described using a probability density function (PDF),...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Fabrication of Fine Electrodes on the Tip of Hypodermic Needle Using Photoresist Spray Coating and Flexible Photomask for Biomedical Applications
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Technology for 3D System Integration for Flexible Wireless Biomedical Applications.

Wen-Cheng Kuo1, Chih-Wei Huang2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 2 Jhuoyue Rd., Nanzih, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan. rkuo@nkfust.edu.tw.

Micromachines
|November 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel 3D packaging technology for flexible wireless biomedical devices. It enables implantable microsystems by vertically integrating chips and coils using parylene and laser-micromachined gold inductors.

Keywords:
3D packageMEMSbiomedical systemparylene

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Microsystems Technology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Flexible wireless biomedical applications require miniaturized, implantable systems.
  • Integrating components like chips and induction coils presents a significant challenge.
  • Existing methods for inductor fabrication often compromise performance or flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel 3D bottom-up packing technology for flexible wireless biomedical microsystems.
  • To demonstrate the integration of a chip, induction coil, and interconnections on a flexible substrate.
  • To achieve a high-quality factor inductor for improved device performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized parylene as a flexible substrate for bottom-up embedding of components.
  • Employed laser micromachining with a picosecond laser to deposit a 50-μm gold foil for the inductor.
  • Integrated chip, insulation layer, interconnection, and gold inductor using gold deposition for connections.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a higher quality factor for the gold foil inductor compared to traditional methods at 1 MHz.
  • Successfully integrated chip and coil vertically onto a single biocompatible system.
  • Demonstrated reduced area requirements due to the 3D integration approach.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed 3D bottom-up packing technology is feasible for creating flexible wireless biomedical microsystems.
  • This technology enables the development of compact, implantable devices with enhanced inductor performance.
  • Vertical integration of components offers significant advantages in miniaturization and system design.