Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Effects of Temperature on Free Energy

Effects of Temperature on Free Energy

The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:

Power and Energy

Power and Energy

The power and energy delivered to an element are subjects of great significance in the field of electrical engineering. It is a well-known fact that a 100-watt light bulb emits more light than a 60-watt one. Therefore, power and energy calculations play a crucial role in the analysis of electrical circuits.
Power, defined as the time rate of expending or absorbing energy, is quantified in units called watts (W). The relation between power and energy is mathematically given as

Energy and Power Signals

Energy and Power Signals

In an electrical system with a resistor, voltage and current signals facilitate the measurement of power and energy across the resistor. For a continuous-time signal, the total energy over a time interval is defined as the integral of the square of the signal's magnitude over that interval. Mathematically, this is expressed as:

Energy and Power of a Wave

Energy and Power of a Wave

The total energy associated with a wavelength is the sum of the potential energy and the kinetic energy. The average rate of energy transfer associated with a wave is called its power, which is total energy divided by the time it takes to transfer the energy. For a sinusoidal wave, energy and power are proportional to the square of both the amplitude and the angular frequency.
Waves can also be concentrated or spread out, as characterized by the intensity of the wave. Intensity is directly...

Kinetic Molecular Theory: Molecular Velocities, Temperature, and Kinetic Energy

Kinetic Molecular Theory: Molecular Velocities, Temperature, and Kinetic Energy

The kinetic molecular theory qualitatively explains the behaviors described by the various gas laws. The postulates of this theory may be applied in a more quantitative fashion to derive these individual laws.

Nuclear Power

Nuclear Power

Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Gram-scale synthesis of high-loading single-atom Ni catalysts anchored on vinylene-linked covalent organic frameworks for efficient photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2026

Same author

Unveiling the Effect of Interfacial Structure on Hot Carrier Dynamics in Ag/ZnS Heterostructures through Interface Engineering.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

Regulating Pb off-centering distortion for white-light emission in 2D halide perovskites.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Second-Harmonic Generation by Reconfigurable Lattice Engineering in Centrosymmetric Magnetic CrSBr.

Nano letters·2026

Same author

Anomalous Scaling Enables Lower-Threshold and Ultrafast Switchable Nanolasing in a Phase-Pure Quasi-2D Perovskite Cavity.

ACS nano·2025

Same author

All-Optical and Ultrafast Control of High-Order Exciton-Polariton Orbital Modes.

Nano letters·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

A Low Power Energy-Efficient Precision CMOS Temperature Sensor ^†.

Rongshan Wei¹, Xiaotian Bao²

¹College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China. wrs08@fzu.edu.cn.

|November 15, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a low-power, energy-efficient CMOS temperature sensor. It achieves high accuracy across a wide temperature range with minimal power consumption, making it ideal for various applications.

Keywords:

calibration mode matching methods temperature sensor

More Related Videos

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

Published on: November 7, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

Published on: November 7, 2016

Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Integrated Circuit Design
Sensor Technology

Background:

Accurate temperature sensing is crucial for many electronic systems.
Existing sensors often face challenges with power consumption and measurement accuracy.
CMOS technology offers a scalable platform for developing efficient sensor solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a low-power, energy-efficient, and high-precision CMOS temperature sensor.
To address measurement errors caused by current ratio mismatch.
To achieve high accuracy over an extended temperature range.

Main Methods:

Utilized a front-end circuit based on bipolar junction transistors with a pre-bias circuit and bipolar core.
Implemented a novel dynamic element-matching mode to mitigate current source mismatch.
Employed first-order and third-order fitting for output calibration.
Designed and simulated the sensor using 0.18 μm CMOS technology.

Main Results:

Simulated sensor achieved 3σ inaccuracies of +0.18/-0.13 °C from -55 °C to +125 °C.
Measured sensor demonstrated 3σ inaccuracies of ±0.2 °C from 0 °C to +100 °C.
The circuit operates at a low power consumption of 6.1 μA with a 1.8 V supply.

Conclusions:

The developed CMOS temperature sensor offers excellent accuracy and energy efficiency.
The dynamic element-matching technique effectively reduces measurement errors.
The sensor is suitable for applications requiring precise temperature monitoring with minimal power usage.