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Related Concept Videos

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Multiple Pipe Systems

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Multipipe systems consist of complex configurations of interconnected pipes designed to transport fluids efficiently across intricate networks. They are essential in engineering applications requiring precise control over flow distribution, pressure, and head loss. They are categorized into series, parallel, loop, and network configurations, each distinguished by unique flow characteristics and applications.
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When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
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In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
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Pipe flow refers to the movement of fluids within fully enclosed conduits, typically cylindrical in shape, such as water pipes or hydraulic hoses. These conduits are designed to withstand high-pressure gradients that drive fluid movement, contrasting with open-channel flows, where gravity is the primary driving force. Rectangular conduits, like air conditioning and heating ducts, generally operate at lower pressures and are less suited for high-pressure applications.
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Single Pipe Systems01:24

Single Pipe Systems

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In pipe flow analysis, problems are typically categorized into three types — Type I, Type II, and Type III — based on the known parameters and the desired outcome. Each type of problem addresses specific engineering requirements using fluid properties, pipe characteristics, and operational conditions.
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In pipe flow measurement, orifice, nozzle, and Venturi meters are commonly used to determine fluid flowrates by constricting the flow area, which increases fluid velocity and reduces pressure. This pressure difference, governed by Bernoulli's principle and adjusted for real-world conditions, is essential for calculating flowrate. Each meter type is suited to specific applications based on accuracy, efficiency, and compatibility with various flow conditions.
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Development of Multiple Capsule Robots in Pipe.

Shuxiang Guo1,2,3, Qiuxia Yang4,5, Luchang Bai6,7

  • 1The Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering System, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China. guo@eng.kagawa-u.ac.jp.

Micromachines
|November 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel approach using multiple screw-driven capsule robots for navigating narrow body cavities. This method enables controlled locomotion, docking, and release for enhanced medical applications.

Keywords:
docking and releasemultiple capsule robotsrotational electromagnetic fieldscrew structure

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Swallowable capsule robots offer potential for drug delivery, minimally invasive surgery, and diagnosis.
  • Practical application is limited by the constraints of narrow body cavities and robot size.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a different-frequency driven approach for manipulating multiple screw-structure capsule robots in narrow body cavities.
  • To address challenges in controlling multiple robots simultaneously within confined spaces.

Main Methods:

  • Developed multiple capsule robots with screw structures, driven by external electromagnetic fields.
  • Established a dynamic model for axial propulsion and circumferential torque.
  • Defined theoretical start and step-out frequencies for multiple robots.
  • Proposed a different-frequency driven approach based on screw geometry and magnetic polarity overlap.

Main Results:

  • Successfully prototyped two capsule robots.
  • Conducted experiments in a narrow pipe to demonstrate docking, release, and cooperative locomotion.
  • Validated the driven approach for multiple capsule robots in confined environments.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed different-frequency driven approach is effective for controlling multiple screw-driven capsule robots in narrow body cavities.
  • This technology has significant potential for advancing medical applications requiring internal navigation and manipulation.