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Rigid-Flex PCB Technology with Embedded Fluidic Cavities and Its Application in Electromagnetic Energy Harvesters.

Yi Chiu¹, Hao-Chiao Hong²

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu 30010, Taiwan. yichiu@mail.nctu.edu.tw.

|November 15, 2018

Summary

This study presents a printed circuit board (PCB) platform for energy harvesting. Filling embedded cavities with ferrofluid (FF) significantly enhances harvester output, demonstrating a novel approach for micro-scale power generation.

Keywords:

electromagnetic embedded cavity energy harvester ferrofluid fluidic magnetic circuit printed circuit boards (PCB)rigid-flex

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Area of Science:

Materials Science and Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Microfluidics

Background:

Printed circuit board (PCB) technology is adaptable for micro- and meso-scale applications.
Integrating flexible polyimide (PI) and rigid flame retardant (FR)-4 boards with embedded cavities offers versatile functionalities.
Ferrofluids (FF) can be utilized in microfluidic systems for enhanced magnetic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and present a PCB-based technology platform for energy harvesting.
To enhance the output of an electromagnetic energy harvester by incorporating ferrofluid in embedded cavities.
To investigate the effect of different ferrofluids on the performance of the PCB-based harvester.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a PCB-based electromagnetic energy harvester with integrated cavities.
Filling the embedded cavities with oil-based and water-based ferrofluids.
Conducting vibration tests with varying magnet sizes and ferrofluid types to measure output voltage and power.

Main Results:

Oil-based ferrofluid filling resulted in up to 70% voltage and 195% power enhancement compared to empty cavities.
Water-based ferrofluid filling led to 25% voltage and 50% power enhancement.
Maximum output power reached 2.3 µW at 196 Hz and 1 g_rms vibration, yielding power densities of 0.58 µW/cm² (area) and 1.4 µW/cm³ (volume).

Conclusions:

The developed PCB platform is effective for creating enhanced electromagnetic energy harvesters.
Ferrofluid integration in embedded cavities significantly improves magnetic circuit design and electromechanical coupling.
This technology shows potential for micro-scale power generation applications, particularly in vibration energy harvesting.