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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

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Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.2K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Correction: Kang et al. Fluid Flow to Electricity: Capturing Flow-Induced Vibrations with Micro-Electromechanical-System-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvester. <i>Micromachines</i> 2024, <i>15</i>, 581.

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Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids
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Poly(ionic liquid)s Based Brush Type Nanomotor.

Yongjun Men1, Yingfeng Tu2, Wei Li3

  • 1Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Y.Men@science.ru.nl.

Micromachines
|November 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a large-scale method for fabricating soft brush nanomotors. These poly(ionic liquid)/PNIPAM core-shell nanoparticles with platinum nanoparticle catalysts exhibit directed motion in hydrogen peroxide solutions.

Keywords:
assembly assistant polymerizationbrushnanomotorpoly(ionic liquids)

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Development of efficient nanomotors is crucial for targeted delivery and micro-scale manipulation.
  • Existing fabrication methods often struggle with scalability and achieving soft, functional surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel method for the large-scale fabrication of soft brush nanomotors.
  • To characterize the structure and locomotive behavior of these core-shell nanomotor particles.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication via assembly-assisted polymerization of poly(ionic liquid) and surface grafting polymerization.
  • Creation of core-shell brush nanoparticles using poly(ionic liquid) cores and thermoresponsive PNIPAM brush shells.
  • In situ growth of platinum nanoparticle (PtNP) catalysts on the PNIPAM shells.

Main Results:

  • Successful large-scale production of soft brush nanomotors.
  • Demonstration of non-Brownian motion of the nanomotors in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) solutions.
  • Characterization of core-shell structure with poly(ionic liquid) core, PNIPAM brush shell, and PtNP catalysts.

Conclusions:

  • The described method enables scalable fabrication of soft nanomotors with potential applications in micro-robotics.
  • The poly(ionic liquid)/PNIPAM/PtNP brush nanomotors exhibit catalytic propulsion in H₂O₂.