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The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
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Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites
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Liquid Crystal Elastomer-Based Microelectrode Array for In Vitro Neuronal Recordings.

Rashed T Rihani1, Hyun Kim2, Bryan J Black3

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA. Rashed.Rihani@utdallas.edu.

Micromachines
|November 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are biocompatible materials for neural interfaces. These polymer-based microelectrode arrays (MEAs) enable stable, high-fidelity neural recordings in vitro.

Keywords:
liquid crystal elastomermicroelectrode arrayneuronal recordings

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Polymer-based biomedical electronics offer tunable platforms for neural tissue interaction.
  • Controlling neural interface properties is crucial for studying the nervous system and restoring function in neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are smart materials with stimulus-responsive shape-changing capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate LCEs as cellular-compatible substrates for microelectrode arrays (MEAs).
  • To assess the potential of LCEs for deploying electrode sites beyond inflamed tissue regions in neural implants.
  • To demonstrate the utility of LCE-based MEAs for in vitro neural recording.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed LCE cytotoxicity using fibroblasts and murine cortical neurons per ISO 10993-5.
  • Determined functional neurotoxicity by exposing cortical neurons to LCE extracts.
  • Fabricated MEAs on LCE substrates and evaluated their stability using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
  • Monitored impedance and phase at 1 kHz over 30 days in PBS.
  • Cultured cortical neurons on LCE MEAs for 27 days and recorded extracellular biopotentials.

Main Results:

  • LCE extracts demonstrated non-cytotoxic properties (>70% normalized percent viability).
  • LCEs were found to be functionally non-neurotoxic to cortical neurons.
  • LCE-based MEAs exhibited stable electrochemical impedance over 30 days.
  • Viable cortical neuronal cultures were supported on LCE arrays for 27 days.
  • Prominent extracellular biopotentials comparable to commercial MEAs were recorded.

Conclusions:

  • LCEs are cellular-compatible and non-neurotoxic materials suitable for neural interface fabrication.
  • LCE-based MEAs are stable and capable of supporting neuronal cultures and high-quality neural recordings in vitro.
  • LCEs present a promising platform for developing advanced neural interfaces with tunable properties.