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Related Concept Videos

Ratio Level of Measurement00:54

Ratio Level of Measurement

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The way a set of data is measured is called its level of measurement. Correct statistical procedures depend on a researcher being familiar with levels of measurement. For analysis, data are classified into four levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
A set of data measured using the ratio scale takes care of the ratio problem and provides complete information. Ratio scale data are like interval scale data, except they have a zero point and ratios can be calculated....
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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The way a set of data is measured is called its level of measurement. Correct statistical procedures depend on a researcher being familiar with levels of measurement. For analysis, data are classified into four levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
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Interval Level of Measurement00:55

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For effective statistical analysis, data are classified into four levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
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Nominal Level of Measurement00:56

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The way a set of data is measured is called its level of measurement. Correct statistical procedures depend on a researcher being familiar with levels of measurement. Not every statistical operation can be used with every set of data. For analysis, data are classified into four levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
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Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes
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Microfluidic Analyzer Enabling Quantitative Measurements of Specific Intracellular Proteins at the Single-Cell Level.

Lixing Liu1,2, Beiyuan Fan3,4, Diancan Wang5

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. liulixing16@mails.ucas.ac.cn.

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Summary

This study introduces a microfluidic instrument for quantifying single-cell intracellular proteins. The developed analyzer demonstrates stable beta-actin expression in oral tumors, offering a high-throughput cell analysis solution.

Keywords:
absolute quantificationinstrumentationintracellular proteinsmicrofluidic flow cytometry

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Quantifying specific intracellular proteins at the single-cell level is crucial for understanding cellular heterogeneity and disease mechanisms.
  • Existing methods may lack the throughput or precision required for comprehensive single-cell analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel microfluidic instrument for high-throughput, single-cell specific intracellular protein quantification.
  • To assess the expression levels of beta-actin in various oral tumor cell lines and patient samples.

Main Methods:

  • A microfluidic instrument integrating pressure, microfluidic, and fluorescent modules was developed.
  • LabVIEW and MATLAB software platforms controlled the instrument and processed fluorescent intensity data.
  • Detection ranges and resolutions were characterized using fluorescent standards (Alexa 488, FITC).
  • Single-cell beta-actin levels were quantified in oral tumor cell lines (SACC-83, SACC-LM, CAL 27, CAL 27-LN2) and patient samples.

Main Results:

  • The instrument achieved a throughput of 10 cells/s, processing approximately 10,000 cells per type.
  • Characterization demonstrated specific detection ranges and resolutions for fluorescent markers.
  • Quantification revealed beta-actin levels in SACC-83, SACC-LM, CAL 27, CAL 27-LN2, and patient samples.
  • Beta-actin expression was found to be stable across oral tumors with varying malignant potential.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microfluidic instrument is validated for accurate and high-throughput single-cell protein quantification.
  • Stable beta-actin expression suggests its utility as an internal control in oral tumor cell analysis.
  • This technology offers a powerful tool for advancing single-cell research in oncology and other fields.