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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.5K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

130.8K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
130.8K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.1K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.1K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.2K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.2K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.0K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
17.0K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

87.3K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
87.3K

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Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
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Aluminum Patterned Electroplating from AlCl₃⁻[EMIm]Cl Ionic Liquid towards Microsystems Application.

Muhammad Salman Al Farisi1, Silvia Hertel2, Maik Wiemer3

  • 1Department of Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan. salman@mems.mech.tohoku.ac.jp.

Micromachines
|November 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study investigates patterned aluminum (Al) electroplating from ionic liquid for microsystems. A recurrent galvanic pulse plating process enhances current efficiency for Al film deposition on wafers.

Keywords:
EMICaluminumelectro-chemical depositionionic liquidpatterned depositionrecurrent galvanic pulse

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Electrochemistry
  • Microsystems Engineering

Background:

  • Electroplating is crucial for depositing metallic films in microsystems, including wafer-level bonding and thermal actuators.
  • Aluminum (Al) electroplating from ionic liquids offers potential for anti-corrosion coatings and advanced microsystems applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microstructure formation via patterned Al electroplating from AlCl3–1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ((EMIm)Cl) ionic liquid.
  • To evaluate the influence of deposition parameters on the Al electroplating process and resulting surface morphology.
  • To demonstrate Al electroplating on a patterned wafer for microsystems integration.

Main Methods:

  • Patterned electroplating of Al using AlCl3–(EMIm)Cl ionic liquid.
  • Evaluation of deposition parameters and their effect on surface morphology.
  • Study of Al deposition on both gold (Au) and Al seed layers.
  • Utilized a recurrent galvanic pulse plating process.

Main Results:

  • Investigated microstructure formation and surface morphology of electroplated Al films.
  • Demonstrated successful Al electroplating on both Au and Al seed layers.
  • Identified that a recurrent galvanic pulse plating process significantly improves current efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Patterned Al electroplating from ionic liquid is a viable method for microsystems applications.
  • Recurrent galvanic pulse plating enhances efficiency for Al film deposition.
  • Successful demonstration of Al electroplating on a 2 µm-trenched wafer showcases potential for integrated microsystems.