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Experimental heatwaves compromise sperm function and cause transgenerational damage in a model insect.

Kris Sales1, Ramakrishnan Vasudeva1, Matthew E Dickinson1

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Climate Change Science

Background:

  • Climate change is a significant threat to biodiversity.
  • The specific drivers of biodiversity loss, particularly concerning reproductive impacts on ectotherms, are not well understood.
  • Temperature variation significantly influences ectotherm physiology and reproduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of experimental heatwaves on insect reproduction.
  • To determine if male or female insects are more sensitive to heatwave conditions.
  • To explore potential transgenerational effects of heatwave exposure on reproduction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a flour beetle model system to simulate heatwave conditions (5-7°C above optimum for 5 days).
  • Assessed male and female reproductive success, including fertility and sperm competitiveness.
  • Examined sperm production, viability, and post-insemination effects.
  • Investigated offspring reproductive potential and lifespan following parental heatwave exposure.

Main Results:

  • Heatwaves significantly damaged male reproduction, reducing fertility and sperm competitiveness.
  • Successive heatwaves led to near-sterilization in males.
  • Heatwave exposure reduced sperm production and viability, and impaired sperm migration and storage within females.
  • Offspring fathered by heat-exposed males or sperm exhibited reduced reproductive potential and lifespan.

Conclusions:

  • Male reproductive systems in ectotherms are highly sensitive to heatwave events.
  • Heatwave-induced male reproductive damage is a potential proximate driver of biodiversity decline under global warming.
  • Transgenerational effects of heatwaves on reproduction warrant further investigation for a comprehensive understanding of climate change impacts.