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The gut-brain axis: historical reflections.

Ian Miller1

  • 1Centre for the History of Medicine in Ireland, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease
|November 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Historically, doctors and patients understood the gut-brain axis connection, influencing health and behavior. Modern research validates this link, now explored through the microbiome and gut-brain interactions.

Keywords:
History of guthistory of emotionshistory of gut–brain axishistory of microbiomehistory of stomach

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Area of Science:

  • Medical History
  • Neurogastroenterology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The gut-brain axis, linking gut and emotions, is a recent focus, often presented as novel.
  • Historically, physicians and patients recognized gut-mind connections using models of nerves or psychology.
  • Nineteenth-century Britain provides a case study for understanding historical gut-brain concepts due to prevalent gastric issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine historical medical and public understanding of the gut-brain axis from the 19th to 21st centuries.
  • To demonstrate how early medical developments impacted the perception of the gut-mind connection.
  • To trace the evolution of the gut-brain axis concept through changing scientific and medical paradigms.

Main Methods:

  • Historical analysis of medical and public thought in 19th and 20th century Britain.
  • Review of medical sub-disciplines (anatomy, physiology, surgery) and their impact on understanding the gut-mind connection.
  • Examination of 20th-century psychological and medical thought, and late 20th-century pharmacological influences.

Main Results:

  • Nineteenth-century understanding readily accepted the gut-mind relationship, influencing health and social discourse.
  • Emerging medical sub-disciplines shifted focus to the stomach's physiology, diminishing the holistic gut-mind concept.
  • Holistic body-mind concepts persisted in 20th-century thought, despite pharmacological trends that minimized the gut-brain axis.

Conclusions:

  • The gut-brain axis has a long history of recognition, predating modern microbiome research.
  • Scientific reductionism temporarily overshadowed holistic gut-mind perspectives, which later re-emerged.
  • The gut-brain axis concept has resurged in the 21st century, reframed by microbiome science.