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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

Puzzling Over the Pneumococcal Pangenome.

N Luisa Hiller^1,2, Raquel Sá-Leão^3,4

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Frontiers in Microbiology

|November 15, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Streptococcus pneumoniae, a major pathogen, evolves under antibiotic and vaccine pressures. Studying its pangenome reveals insights into bacterial evolution and adaptation strategies.

Keywords:

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)antibiotics competence genomic diversity genomic plasticity horizontal gene transfer pangenome vaccine

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Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

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Published on: February 15, 2013

Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay

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Published on: December 29, 2014

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Bacterial Pathogenesis
Evolutionary Genomics

Background:

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a Gram-positive bacterium and a significant human pathogen.
It commonly colonizes the human nasopharynx, surviving in biofilms, which facilitates multi-strain colonization and genetic exchange.
Antibiotic use and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have exerted selective pressures on pneumococci.

Purpose of the Study:

To review key findings on the genomic diversity and plasticity of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
To highlight how selective pressures drive bacterial evolution.
To present pneumococcal pangenome evolution as a potential case study for other bacterial species.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on pneumococcal genomics.
Analysis of studies focusing on genomic diversity and plasticity.
Examination of evolutionary dynamics under selective pressures.

Main Results:

Selective pressures from antibiotics and vaccines significantly impact pneumococcal genomic content.
Biofilm formation supports multi-strain colonization and genetic exchange, driving diversity.
Pneumococcal pangenome evolution demonstrates significant plasticity.

Conclusions:

Understanding pneumococcal genomic evolution is crucial for combating this pathogen.
The study of Streptococcus pneumoniae offers valuable insights into bacterial adaptation.
Genomic plasticity is a key factor in the survival and evolution of major bacterial pathogens.