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Isolation and Characterization of Microvesicles from Peripheral Blood
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BLTR1 and CD36 Expressing Microvesicles in Atherosclerotic Patients and Healthy Individuals

Mathilde Sanden1, Jaco Botha1,2, Michael René Skjelbo Nielsen3

  • 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|November 15, 2018
PubMed

Insights

This study explores monocyte-derived microvesicles (MMVs) in atherosclerosis, finding lower BLTR1+ MMVs in patients. CD14+ MMVs inversely correlate with arachidonic acid, suggesting potential as atherosclerosis biomarkers.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Lipid Metabolism

Background:

  • Monocytes/macrophages are key in atherosclerosis development and complications.
  • CD36-mediated oxLDL uptake drives foam cell formation and monocyte activation, releasing monocyte-derived microvesicles (MMVs).
  • Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), derived from arachidonic acid, exacerbates atherosclerosis via the BLTR1 receptor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between distinct MMV phenotypes (CD14+ MVs) and the levels of arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid.
  • To analyze these correlations across various biological compartments, including atherosclerotic plaques, plasma, and granulocytes.
  • To explore the potential of MMVs as biomarkers in atherosclerosis pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to analyze MMV phenotypes (CD14+, CD36+, BLTR1+) in samples from patients with femoral atherosclerosis and healthy controls.
  • Gas chromatography was employed to quantify eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid levels in plasma, granulocytes, and atherosclerotic plaques.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to determine correlations between MMV phenotypes and fatty acid levels.

Main Results:

  • Patients with atherosclerosis exhibited significantly lower levels of BLTR1+ MVs, CD14+BLTR1+ MVs, and CD14+BLTR1+CD36+ MVs compared to controls.
  • In patients, CD14+ MVs and CD14+CD36+ MVs showed an inverse correlation with granulocyte arachidonic acid levels.
  • CD14+CD36+ MVs correlated inversely with plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid and positively with triglyceride levels in both patients and controls.

Conclusions:

  • This explorative study suggests that BLTR1+ MVs and CD14+CD36+ MVs may serve as indicative markers for atherosclerosis pathophysiology.
  • The findings highlight a potential link between specific MMV phenotypes, fatty acid metabolism, and atherosclerotic disease.
  • Further research is warranted to validate these MMV phenotypes as reliable biomarkers for atherosclerosis.

Keywords:
BLT1arachidonic acidatherosclerosiseicosapentaenoic acidextracellular vesiclesflow cytometryleukotriene b4 receptormicrovesicles

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