Cap polyposis in children: case report and literature review

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Pediatric Gastroenterology
• Colorectal Surgery

Background:

• Cap polyposis is a rare, benign colonic condition characterized by inflammatory polyps with a distinctive granulation tissue cap.
• Its prevalence is notably low, particularly in pediatric populations, making diagnosis challenging.

Observation:

• A 16-year-old female presented with symptoms suggestive of chronic inflammatory bowel disease, including frequent bowel movements, mucous discharge, and bloody stool.
• Endoscopic and histological examinations confirmed the diagnosis of cap polyposis.
• Systemic steroid therapy led to significant symptom improvement.

Findings:

• Cap polyposis can affect individuals of all ages, including children, with a slight male predilection.
• Consistent features include rectal bleeding and polyps, with other symptoms like constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
• The etiology remains unclear, and established specific therapies are lacking.

Implications:

• Cap polyposis requires careful differential diagnosis from inflammatory bowel disease due to overlapping symptoms.
• Conservative management strategies are recommended, especially for pediatric cases.
• Further research into the pathogenesis and optimal treatment of cap polyposis is warranted.