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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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Related Experiment Video

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Ex Vivo Perfusion of the Rodent Placenta
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Pre-eclampsia onset and SPARC: A possible involvement in placenta development.

Giovanni Tossetta1, Sonia Fantone1, Stefano R Giannubilo2

  • 1Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|November 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) expression decreases in pre-eclampsia (PE) and PE-intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) placentas. This reduction, linked to hypoxia, suggests SPARC is crucial in PE development.

Keywords:
IUGRSPARChypoxiaplacentapre-eclampsia

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Cellular and Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication affecting multiple systems, often leading to intrauterine fetal growth retardation (IUGR).
  • The role of specific proteins, such as SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine), in the pathophysiology of PE and PE-IUGR is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the localization and expression patterns of SPARC in placentas from normal pregnancies, PE, and PE-IUGR.
  • To explore the potential role of SPARC in the development of PE and PE-IUGR.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical analysis of SPARC expression in placental tissues from different pregnancy conditions (normal, PE, PE-IUGR) across trimesters.
  • In vitro studies using cell models to investigate the influence of hypoxic conditions on SPARC expression.

Main Results:

  • SPARC expression was observed in villous and extravillous cytotrophoblastic cells in the first trimester.
  • In PE, PE-IUGR, and term placentas, SPARC was found in both cytotrophoblastic cells and the syncytiotrophoblast.
  • SPARC expression significantly decreased from the first to the third trimester in normal placentas, with a further significant reduction in PE and PE-IUGR placentas.
  • Downregulation of SPARC in PE and PE-IUGR was found to be dependent on hypoxic conditions.

Conclusions:

  • SPARC expression is significantly altered in pre-eclampsia and PE-IUGR placentas.
  • The downregulation of SPARC appears to be influenced by hypoxia.
  • SPARC may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and intrauterine fetal growth retardation, warranting further investigation.