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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition
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Contact, high-resolution spatial diffuse reflectance imaging system for skin condition diagnosis.

Nils Petitdidier1,2,3, Anne Koenig1, Rémi Gerbelot1

  • 1Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France.

Journal of Biomedical Optics
|November 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new, low-cost spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (srDRS) system uses an imaging sensor for high-resolution tissue optical property measurements. This advancement paves the way for affordable, wearable diagnostic devices for in vivo skin condition assessment.

Keywords:
CMOS sensorcontact imagingdiffuse reflectanceoptical propertiestissue spectroscopywearable device

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (srDRS) is crucial for noninvasive, in vivo tissue optical property characterization.
  • Current srDRS systems face limitations in achieving depth-resolved analysis due to resolution challenges.
  • Accurate tissue optical properties are vital for various clinical diagnostic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a compact, low-cost srDRS architecture for high-resolution, lensless diffuse reflectance imaging.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of this new system for quantitative characterization of tissue optical properties.
  • To lay the groundwork for developing affordable, wearable devices for in vivo skin diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a prototype srDRS device using a multipixel imaging sensor and LEDs for lensless contact imaging.
  • Employed a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor coupled with a fiber-optic plate.
  • Acquired diffuse reflectance profiles at 645 nm with high spatial resolution (16.7 μm) and varying source-to-detector separations (480 μm to 4 mm).

Main Results:

  • Successfully measured absorption coefficients (μa) with 4.2 ± 3.5% error and reduced scattering coefficients (μs') with 7.0 ± 4.6% error in homogeneous tissue phantoms.
  • Demonstrated high spatial resolution in diffuse reflectance profiling.
  • Validated the quantitative accuracy of the developed srDRS approach.

Conclusions:

  • The novel srDRS architecture offers a promising, low-cost solution for in vivo tissue optical property measurement.
  • The system's high spatial resolution and quantitative accuracy support its potential in clinical settings.
  • This work represents a significant step towards wearable srDRS devices for accessible skin condition diagnosis.