Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

80.2K
Overview
80.2K
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

28.1K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
28.1K
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

79.1K
Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
79.1K
Therapeutic Index01:13

Therapeutic Index

6.8K
The therapeutic index of a drug is a key parameter in pharmacology that quantifies the relative safety of a drug by calculating the ratio between the dose that causes toxicity in half the population (50%) to the dose that proves to be effective for half the population (50%). It provides a spectrum of doses for a particular drug ranging from effective to potentially toxic. To illustrate, consider an anticoagulant agent like warfarin. It possesses a narrow window within its therapeutic index to...
6.8K
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

35.7K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
35.7K
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

60.6K
Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
60.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

BMP-7 mRNA delivered by Fibrin-CaP scaffolds activates osteogenic programs in vivo as evidenced by transcriptomic and proteomic analyses.

Bioactive materials·2026
Same author

Additive manufacturing and in vitro characterization of scaffolds consisting of PCL/P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-free bioactive glasses composites with angiogenic and osteogenic potential.

Biomaterials·2026
Same author

Chondrogenic differentiation of human periosteum-derived cells in spheroids, HAMA hydrogels, and bioprinted constructs: comparison of kartogenin and TGF-<i>β</i>1.

Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)·2026
Same author

Intra-Articular Purified Exosome Product and Hyaluronan Attenuate Osteoarthritis Progression in a Minimally Invasive Turkey Model.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·2026
Same author

Understanding the use of spheroids and pellets in the chondrogenic differentiation of human stem cells.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage open·2026
Same author

Clinical outcome of periprosthetic femoral fractures: the influence of fracture pattern and patient specific risk factors.

European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to Organotypic 3D Cellular Models Mimicking the Epithelio-Ectomesenchymal Bilayer During Odontogenesis.

Tissue engineering. Part A·2026
Same journal

A Novel 3D Bioprinting Strategy for Bioengineering of Urethra with Clinical Relevance.

Tissue engineering. Part A·2026
Same journal

Hydrogel-Encapsulated Primed MSCs Enhance Regeneration in Full-Thickness Porcine Burn Wounds.

Tissue engineering. Part A·2026
Same journal

Unidirectional Porous Carbonate Apatite Fabricated by Gelatin-Based Freeze Casting for Bone Regeneration.

Tissue engineering. Part A·2026
Same journal

Regenerative Nanoscaffolds for Chronic Tympanic Membrane Perforation: From Bench to Clinical Translation.

Tissue engineering. Part A·2026
Same journal

Impact of IFN-γ-Pretreated Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Implanted in Mesh on Pelvic Organ Prolapse.

Tissue engineering. Part A·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Experimental Approaches to Tissue Engineering
16:41

Experimental Approaches to Tissue Engineering

Published on: August 30, 2007

6.8K

RNA Therapeutics for Tissue Engineering.

Elizabeth R Balmayor1,2, Christopher H Evans2

  • 11 Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Tissue Engineering. Part A
|November 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA therapeutics show promise but face challenges with stability, delivery, and immune activation. Overcoming these hurdles is key to unlocking RNA's full potential for treating diseases.

Keywords:
DNA/RNA deliveryRNA interferenceenabling technologies in tissue engineeringmesenchymal stem cellsmessenger RNAmicroRNAsmall interfering RNA

More Related Videos

Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber
09:55

Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber

Published on: May 30, 2016

9.4K
Production of Nanofibrillar Patterned Collagen for Tissue Engineering
07:34

Production of Nanofibrillar Patterned Collagen for Tissue Engineering

Published on: September 20, 2024

975

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Experimental Approaches to Tissue Engineering
16:41

Experimental Approaches to Tissue Engineering

Published on: August 30, 2007

6.8K
Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber
09:55

Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber

Published on: May 30, 2016

9.4K
Production of Nanofibrillar Patterned Collagen for Tissue Engineering
07:34

Production of Nanofibrillar Patterned Collagen for Tissue Engineering

Published on: September 20, 2024

975

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Ribonucleic acid (RNA) presents significant theoretical advantages for therapeutic applications.
  • However, practical use is hindered by inherent instability and challenges in crossing cell membranes.

Discussion:

  • Extraneous RNA triggers innate immune responses via nucleic acid sensors.
  • This immune activation leads to toxicity and inflammation, limiting therapeutic efficacy.

Key Insights:

  • RNA instability and poor cellular uptake are major obstacles.
  • Innate immune system activation by exogenous RNA causes adverse inflammatory effects.

Outlook:

  • Developing strategies to enhance RNA stability and delivery is crucial.
  • Mitigating immune responses is essential for safe and effective RNA-based therapies.