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Related Concept Videos

Mixtures of Gases: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures and Mole Fractions03:03

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Unless individual gases chemically react with each other, the individual gases in a mixture of gases do not affect each other’s pressure. Each gas in a mixture exerts the same pressure that it would exert if it were present alone in the container. The pressure exerted by each individual gas in a mixture is called its partial pressure.
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The partial pressure of a gas is a measure of the thermodynamic activity of the gas's molecules. The pressure that a gas would create if it occupied the total volume available is called the gas's partial pressure. If two or more gases are mixed together in a container, the molecules move randomly and collide with each other, causing them to reach thermal equilibrium. When the gases have the same temperature, their molecules have the same average kinetic energy. Thus, each gas obeys the...
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Gas pressure is caused by force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the surfaces of objects. Although the force of each collision is very small, any surface of an appreciable area experiences a large number of collisions in a short time, which can result in high pressure.
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Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
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Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
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Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
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Cerebral Blood Oxygenation Measurement Based on Oxygen-dependent Quenching of Phosphorescence
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Open-source sensor for measuring oxygen partial pressures below 100 microbars.

Mihkel Pajusalu1, Cauê S Borlina1, Sara Seager1

  • 1Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Plos One
|November 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an open-source, networked luminescence lifetime system for precise in situ oxygen measurements. The easily constructible sensor accurately detects low oxygen levels (0-100 μbar) for diverse scientific applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of low oxygen partial pressures and dissolved oxygen concentrations is crucial for various scientific disciplines.
  • Existing methods for in situ oxygen measurement can be complex or limited in sensitivity.
  • There is a need for accessible, high-precision oxygen sensing systems for laboratory applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an easily constructible, open-source design for a networked luminescence lifetime measurement system.
  • To enable precise in situ measurements of oxygen partial pressures in the microbar range.
  • To facilitate unattended, parallel experiments through networked data logging.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an open-source luminescence lifetime measurement system.
  • Integration of Wi-Fi connectivity for data transmission to local or internet servers.
  • Design of adaptable sensor attachments for various laboratory containers.
  • Validation of sensor performance in the 0-100 μbar oxygen partial pressure range.

Main Results:

  • The system demonstrates accurate measurements of oxygen partial pressures from 0 to 100 μbar, with a detection limit of 0.02 μbar.
  • The sensor exhibits limited drift, ensuring reliable data over time.
  • Networked capabilities allow for numerous parallel, unattended experiments.
  • Open-source design files enable widespread adoption and customization.

Conclusions:

  • The presented open-source system offers a cost-effective and accessible solution for high-precision in situ oxygen measurements.
  • This technology supports advancements in fields requiring sensitive oxygen monitoring, such as microbiology and oceanography.
  • The networked and customizable nature of the sensor promotes broader research capabilities and collaboration.