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Updated: Feb 2, 2026
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Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response
Published on: November 12, 2014
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Eurasian Tunnel Project: the first saturation dives during compressed-air work in Turkey
Bengusu Mirasoglu1, Abdullah Arslan2, Samil Aktas1
1Department of Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Summary
The Eurasian Tunnel project utilized advanced tunneling and saturation diving techniques for TBM repair under the seabed. This pioneering project in Turkey ensured diver safety with comprehensive medical support, reporting no diving-related accidents.
Area of Science:
- Marine Engineering
- Hyperbaric Medicine
- Tunneling Technology
Background:
- The Eurasian Tunnel, connecting Europe and Asia, features a 3.34 km undersea section built with advanced tunneling methods.
- A specialized Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) with 11-bar operating pressure and 13.7m diameter was employed for seabed excavation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To document the hyperbaric medical consulting experiences during the Eurasian Tunnel project.
- To highlight the first-time TBM repair operations at significant depths under the seabed and the initial saturation diving in Turkey.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) for seabed tunneling up to 106 meters below sea level.
- Conducted one bounce diving and seven saturation diving periods for TBM maintenance, totaling 5,763 hours under pressure.
- Employed a four-diver saturation decompression chamber and trimix gas for hyperbaric interventions.
Main Results:
- Successfully completed TBM repair operations at unprecedented depths under the seabed.
- No diving-related accidents occurred among the 23 professional divers involved.
- Minor non-diving-related health issues included hand trauma, external otitis, and insomnia.
Conclusions:
- The project demonstrated the feasibility of complex TBM repairs using saturation diving techniques at significant depths.
- Comprehensive medical support was crucial for ensuring diver safety and operational success.
- This project marks a significant advancement in underwater tunneling and hyperbaric operations in Turkey.
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