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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
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Cutaneous Mycobacterial Infections.

Carlos Franco-Paredes1,2, Luis A Marcos3, Andrés F Henao-Martínez2

  • 1Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico carlos.franco-paredes@ucdenver.edu.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|November 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Mycobacterial skin infections present diverse clinical forms, from tuberculosis and leprosy to Buruli ulcer and rapidly growing mycobacteria. Diagnosis relies on skin biopsies and cultures, guiding pathogen-specific treatments.

Keywords:
Buruli ulcerMycobacteriumMycobacterium kansasiiMycobacterium marinumMycobacterium ulceranscutaneousleprosymycobacterianontuberculous mycobacteriatuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Mycobacterial species are ubiquitous environmental pathogens.
  • They can cause significant respiratory, skin, and soft tissue infections.
  • Cutaneous mycobacterial infections lead to stigma, deformity, and disability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse clinical manifestations of cutaneous mycobacterial infections.
  • To highlight the etiological agents and their associated disease categories.
  • To emphasize diagnostic approaches and treatment considerations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations of various mycobacterial skin infections.
  • Categorization into four main disease groups: tuberculosis, Buruli ulcer, leprosy, and rapidly growing mycobacteria.
  • Discussion of diagnostic tools including skin biopsies, acid-fast staining, cultures, histopathology, and molecular assays.

Main Results:

  • Cutaneous mycobacterial infections manifest as cellulitis, ulcers, nodules, abscesses, and lymphadenitis.
  • Specific pathogens like *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*, *M. ulcerans*, *M. leprae*, *M. marinum*, and rapidly growing mycobacteria cause distinct clinical pictures.
  • Diagnosis is confirmed via skin biopsies, cultures, and histopathology, with molecular methods aiding some cases.

Conclusions:

  • Cutaneous mycobacterial infections encompass a broad spectrum of diseases with varied clinical outcomes.
  • Accurate diagnosis through microbiological and histopathological examination is crucial.
  • Treatment must be pathogen-specific, guided by established antimicrobial guidelines.