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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Atmospheric Science

Background:

  • Light cues, particularly daily cycles of daylight and darkness, strongly influence biological rhythms.
  • Solar eclipses offer unique, atypical light conditions for studying biological responses.
  • Circadian rhythms are biological processes synchronized with daily light-dark cycles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the responses of flying animals to the light and temperature changes during a total solar eclipse.
  • To determine if eclipse-induced conditions trigger behaviors similar to sunset transitions.
  • To quantify atmospheric biological targets using a continental radar network.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a continental-scale weather radar network across 143 stations in the United States.
  • Quantified the number of biological targets (flying animals) in the atmosphere before, during, and after the 21 August 2017 total solar eclipse.
  • Analyzed changes in atmospheric biological activity correlated with the eclipse's light and temperature decrease.

Main Results:

  • A general decrease in atmospheric biological activity was observed leading up to the eclipse's totality.
  • A brief, low-altitude increase in biological activity occurred during totality at some radar stations.
  • Eclipse-related light and temperature changes did not induce a full nocturnal activity response comparable to sunset.

Conclusions:

  • The study suggests that the light and temperature cues during the solar eclipse were insufficient to initiate widespread nocturnal activity.
  • Eclipse conditions were sufficient to suppress normal diurnal activity patterns in flying animals.
  • Radar data provides a valuable tool for studying large-scale animal responses to environmental phenomena.