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Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
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Context-dependent spindle pole focusing.

Lori Borgal1, James G Wakefield2

  • 1Biosciences/Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, U.K. L.E.Borgal@exeter.ac.uk.

Essays in Biochemistry
|November 16, 2018
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Summary

Spindle apparatus formation relies on coordinated microtubule (MT) organization. This review explores how protein complexes focus spindle poles, acting like transient organelles with context-dependent functions for robust cell division.

Keywords:
centrosomesmicrotubulemitosispole focusingspindle

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Accurate chromosome segregation requires a bipolar spindle apparatus built from microtubules (MTs).
  • Protein complexes nucleate spindle MTs at various cellular sites, contributing to spindle mass differently across organisms and cell types.
  • The plasticity of MT nucleation pathways enhances spindle formation robustness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of protein complexes in spindle pole focusing.
  • To investigate the coordinated and context-dependent actions of these complexes.
  • To explore the spindle pole as a non-membrane bound condensate and transient organelle.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of established research on spindle apparatus formation.
  • Analysis of protein complexes involved in MT organization, including motors, depolymerases, and minus-end binders.
  • Conceptual framework development for spindle pole function.

Main Results:

  • Different MT nucleating pathways contribute variably to spindle mass.
  • Protein complexes for spindle pole focusing act co-ordinately and differentially based on cellular context.
  • Key proteins include dynein, HSET/Ncd, katanin, MCAK, ASPM, and Patronin/CAMSAP.

Conclusions:

  • Spindle pole focusing exhibits plasticity similar to MT nucleation.
  • The focused spindle pole can be viewed as a transient organelle with context-specific functions.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for comprehending robust cell division.