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Updated: Feb 2, 2026
Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophil-derived Microparticles for Functional Studies
Published on: March 2, 2018
The Release of Monocyte-Derived Tissue Factor-Positive Microparticles Contributes to a Hypercoagulable State in
Gui Hua Wang1, Jian Lu1, Kun Ling Ma1
1Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University.
Aim:
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by a high risk of thromboembolic complications. Microparticles (MPs), a type of extracellular vesicles, have procoagulant properties, especially when they display tissue factor (TF). This study aimed to investigate whether circulating TF-positive MPs contributed to the hypercoagulable state in patients with IMN.
Methods:
Twenty adult IMN patients and fourteen healthy subjects were included in the study. The basic indexes of a routine biochemical examination and coagulative function were determined. The plasma levels of MPs were detected by flow cytometry, and TF activity of MPs was examined using an assay kit. The plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results:
Total circulating MPs were not increased in patients with IMN compared with healthy controls. Circulating CD14＋/TF＋MPs were significantly increased in IMN patients, but this achieved significance was not observed in CD41＋/TF＋MPs between the two groups. Interestingly, the circulating TF-positive MPs were increased significantly. Plasma MPs TF assays revealed high procoagulant activity, which was positively associated with the D-dimer level in IMN. In addition, circulating LPS in IMN patients were significantly higher than those in the controls. Furthermore, after two hours' incubation with healthy whole blood, LPS enhanced the release of circulating TF-positive MPs and the TF activity of MPs.
Conclusion:
Increased circulating LPS may mediate the release of monocyte-derived TF-positive MPs, which further contributes to the hypercoagulable state in IMN patients. These findings provide an additional mechanism by which patients with IMN have a higher risk of thromboembolic complication.
Insights
In idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may drive the release of tissue factor (TF)-positive microparticles (MPs), contributing to a hypercoagulable state and higher risk of thromboembolic complications.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Hematology
- Immunology
Background:
- Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is an immune-mediated disease associated with increased risk of thromboembolic events.
- Microparticles (MPs), particularly those expressing tissue factor (TF), are implicated in procoagulant activity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of circulating TF-positive MPs in the hypercoagulable state of IMN patients.
- To explore the relationship between TF-positive MPs, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and coagulation markers in IMN.
Main Methods:
- Flow cytometry was used to quantify circulating MPs and TF expression in 20 IMN patients and 14 healthy controls.
- TF activity of MPs, plasma LPS levels, and routine coagulation parameters were measured.
- In vitro experiments assessed the effect of LPS on MP release and TF activity.
Main Results:
- While total MPs were not elevated, circulating TF-positive MPs, specifically monocyte-derived (CD14+/TF+), were significantly increased in IMN patients.
- Elevated TF-positive MPs showed a positive correlation with D-dimer levels, indicating heightened procoagulant activity.
- Circulating LPS levels were significantly higher in IMN patients and were shown to enhance TF-positive MP release and activity in vitro.
Conclusions:
- Increased circulating LPS may trigger the release of monocyte-derived TF-positive MPs in IMN.
- These TF-positive MPs contribute to the hypercoagulable state observed in IMN patients.
- This pathway offers a potential mechanism explaining the increased thromboembolic risk in IMN.
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