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Related Concept Videos

Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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DNA Base Pairing02:27

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Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
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Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:58

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The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
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Theranostics based on AIEgens.

Dong Wang1,2, Michelle Mei Suet Lee2, Wenhan Xu2

  • 1Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.

Theranostics
|November 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) offer significant advantages for theranostics, enhancing imaging and therapy. This review highlights AIEgens as promising multifunctional platforms for advanced clinical applications.

Keywords:
AIEgensantibiosiscancer therapyfluorescence imagingphotoacoustic imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) are emerging materials with unique optical properties.
  • Theranostics combines diagnosis and therapy for improved patient outcomes.
  • Conventional theranostic materials face limitations in efficacy and application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide theoretical insights into the advantages of AIEgens in theranostics.
  • To systematically review recent trends and perspectives in AIEgen-based theranostics.
  • To highlight the potential of AIEgens as multifunctional theranostic platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies on AIEgens in theranostics.
  • Analysis of AIEgen properties relevant to theranostic applications.
  • Synthesis of recent advancements and future outlooks in the field.

Main Results:

  • AIEgens exhibit excellent biocompatibility, fluorescence, and ease of modification.
  • Nano-aggregation of AIEgens enhances permeability and retention for improved therapy.
  • AIEgens demonstrate promoted efficiencies in photodynamic and photothermal therapies, and efficient photoacoustic imaging.

Conclusions:

  • AIEgens significantly complement conventional theranostic materials.
  • AIEgens facilitate the development of advanced multimodal imaging and therapy platforms.
  • AIEgens show great promise as multifunctional theranostic platforms for clinical translation.