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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal System01:26

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The human digestive system is an intricate and essential network for nutrient absorption and waste elimination. It encompasses the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and several accessory organs.
Here's a detailed walkthrough of this complex system:
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Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Histology of the Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract01:20

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The GI tract, from beginning to end, is made up of four continuous tissue layers that adjust their structure according to their specific roles. These layers, from innermost to outermost, are known as the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa, which are continuous with the mesentery.
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Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
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Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

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Primary Gastrointestinal Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

Hanan T Lodhi1, Qulsoom Hussain2, Ahmed Munir3

  • 1Infectious Disease, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA.

Cureus
|November 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma is a rare cancer. This case highlights a jejunal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in an HIV-positive woman, emphasizing treatment challenges and the need for specific guidelines.

Keywords:
diffuse large b cell lymphomagastrointestinal lymphomahuman immunodeficiency virus (hiv)jejunal lymphomanon-hodgkin cell lymphoma

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma is a rare malignancy, comprising less than 5% of all GI cancers.
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased risk of certain lymphomas.

Observation:

  • A 37-year-old HIV-positive woman presented with a three-month history of abdominal pain and vomiting.
  • Endoscopic biopsy revealed high-grade diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the jejunum.

Findings:

  • The case underscores the rarity of jejunal DLBCL, particularly in the context of HIV.
  • Treatment strategies for this specific entity remain poorly defined, lacking established clinical guidelines.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with rare gastrointestinal lymphomas in immunocompromised patients.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis and establish evidence-based treatment protocols for primary jejunal DLBCL in HIV-positive individuals.