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Related Concept Videos

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology
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Pituitary tuberculosis presented with pituitary coma.

Melika Chihaoui, Ibtissem Oueslati, Fatma Chaker

    La Tunisie Medicale
    |November 16, 2018
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    Pituitary tuberculosis is rare and challenging to diagnose. This case highlights successful treatment of pituitary tuberculosis-induced hypophysitis with prolonged anti-tuberculous therapy, even after initial withdrawal.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Neurology

    Background:

    • Pituitary tuberculosis is an exceptionally rare condition.
    • Diagnosis is often delayed due to its rarity and non-specific presentation.
    • Requires definitive microbiological or histological confirmation.

    Observation:

    • A 54-year-old woman developed pituitary coma post-initiation of anti-tuberculous therapy for cervical lymph node tuberculosis.
    • Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pseudotumoral pituitary lesion.
    • Initial treatment included hormonal replacement and anti-tuberculous therapy, leading to favorable pituitary function and volume normalization.

    Findings:

    • Recurrent hypopituitarism occurred eight months after discontinuing 12 months of anti-tuberculous therapy.
    • Re-initiation and extension of anti-tuberculous therapy to two years resulted in prolonged remission.
    • The distinct three-phase outcome strongly supports a tuberculous etiology for the hypophysitis.

    Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of considering tuberculosis in pituitary dysfunction, especially in endemic areas.
    • Prolonged and carefully managed anti-tuberculous therapy is crucial for sustained recovery.
    • Highlights the potential for relapse after treatment withdrawal, necessitating long-term follow-up.