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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Discovering Middle Ear Anatomy by Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery: A Dissection Manual
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Assessment of Middle Ear Anatomy Teaching Methodologies Using Microscopy versus Endoscopy: A Randomized Comparative

Lukas Anschuetz1, Sören Huwendiek2, Daniel Stricker2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Anatomical Sciences Education
|November 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Endoscopic teaching of middle ear anatomy significantly improves anatomical knowledge compared to microscopic methods. This approach enhances learning for medical students, residents, and specialists, offering a more effective educational experience.

Keywords:
endoscopeendoscopic ear surgeryfacial nervegross anatomy educationmedical educationmicroscopemiddle ear anatomyretrotympanumteaching

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Medical Education
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Teaching middle ear anatomy is challenging due to its complex and hidden location.
  • Existing methodologies for middle ear anatomy education require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively compare microscope- and endoscope-based teaching methods for middle ear anatomy.
  • To determine the efficiency and effectiveness of endoscopic versus microscopic approaches in anatomical education.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized study involving 33 participants (students, residents, specialists).
  • Participants were taught middle ear anatomy using both endoscopic and microscopic techniques on cadaveric specimens.
  • Anatomical knowledge was assessed via tests before and after each session, with a crossover design.

Main Results:

  • The endoscopic method showed a statistically significant increase in anatomical knowledge gain compared to the microscopic method (P < 0.001).
  • Endoscopic approach outperformed the microscopic technique in recalling anatomical structures during dissection, irrespective of participant experience.
  • Average knowledge gains were +19.0% (specialists), +34.6% (residents), and +23.4% (students).

Conclusions:

  • Endoscopic teaching of middle ear anatomy leads to superior knowledge acquisition compared to microscopic methods.
  • The endoscopic approach is subjectively preferred by participants for educational purposes.
  • This study highlights the efficacy of endoscopy in enhancing anatomical learning in otolaryngology.