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Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C

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Published on: March 25, 2016

Maternal immune activation, central nervous system development and behavioral phenotypes.

Elena Minakova¹, Barbara B Warner¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri.

Birth Defects Research

|November 16, 2018

Summary

Maternal immune activation (MIA), triggered by infections or other stimuli, can impact fetal brain development. This review explores how MIA contributes to neurodevelopmental disorders like autism and schizophrenia.

Keywords:

autism gut microbiome maternal immune activation prenatal stress

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Immunology
Developmental Biology

Background:

Maternal immune activation (MIA) involves immune responses to stimuli, affecting fetal development.
Epidemiological and animal studies link MIA to neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the mechanisms of MIA, encompassing both infectious and noninfectious triggers.
To examine the impact of MIA on fetal programming and the subsequent risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring.

Main Methods:

Review of human epidemiological studies.
Analysis of findings from animal models of MIA.
Integration of research on environmental, genetic, and immune system interactions.

Main Results:

MIA induces cytokine cascades and immunologic alterations transmitted to the fetus.
Prenatal stress, obesity, and gut microbiome changes are emerging noninfectious risk factors for MIA.
MIA leads to neurochemical and anatomical brain changes in offspring.

Conclusions:

MIA is a significant factor in the etiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders.
Understanding MIA's diverse triggers is crucial for developing preventative strategies.
Further research into the interplay of genetics, environment, and immunity in MIA is warranted.